Translation and Analysis of the Soviet Watch Passport

Fronte del passaporto di un orologio sovietico Vostok Amphibia con movimento 2409A.

Introduzione

In the vast world of Soviet watches, each model possesses its own “passport,” a fundamental document that accompanies the watch and provides technical details, usage instructions, and warranty information. However, there are different models of passports depending on the brand and model of the watch. In this article, we will analyze the various parts of the passports of some iconic models such as the Vostok Amphibia, Molnija, and Zaria, providing transcriptions and translations to facilitate understanding.

Each passport is composed of two sides, each of which is divided into 4 or 5 sections. We will proceed with a detailed analysis of each side, illustrating the main parts, providing Cyrillic transcriptions and corresponding English translations. At the end of the transcription and translation of both sides, I will provide a discursive explanation of the content and use of the passport. Additionally, some codes and technical details will be linked to other articles on my blog for further insights.


Vostok Amphibia – 2409A

Fronte

Top Left Section

Transcription:
Чистопольский часовой завод
422950, ТССР г. Чистополь, ул. Энгельса, 127.

ТАЛОН № 1
на гарантийный ремонт часов наручных механических
«ВОСТОК-АМФИБИЯ» 2409А
в течение гарантийного срока

Проданы магазином (наименование торг.) _________
Штамп магазина ________________ 19___г.

Выполненные работы по устранению недостатков:
(подпись) ____________ (дата) _______________

Владелец _______________ (подпись) _______________

Утверждаю:
Зав. ателье ___________ (подпись) ____________

Штамп (наимен. бытового пред.) _______________
Дата _______________ 19___г. (подпись) ____________

Translation:
Chistopol Watch Factory
422950, TSSR, Chistopol, Engels Street, 127.

COUPON № 1
for warranty repair of mechanical wristwatches
«VOSTOK-AMPHIBIA» 2409A
during the warranty period

Sold by store (trade name) _________
Store stamp ________________ 19___year

Work performed to correct deficiencies:
(signature) ____________ (date) _______________

Owner _______________ (signature) _______________

Approved by:
Head of workshop ___________ (signature) ____________

Stamp (name of household appliance) _______________
Date _______________ 19___year (signature) ____________

Top Center Section

Transcription:
Чистопольский часовой завод «ВОСТОК»
ПАСПОРТ
на часы наручные механические «ВОСТОК-АМФИБИЯ» 2409А
ТУ 25.07.1347-77

Дата продажи
Штамп магазина

КОМПЛЕКТ ПОСТАВКИ
Часы – 1 шт.
Паспорт – 1 экз.
Индивидуальная упаковка – 1 шт.

СВИДЕТЕЛЬСТВО О ПРИЕМКЕ
Часы наручные механические «Восток-Амфибия» соотвествуют требованиям ТУ 25-07.1347-77 и признаны годными для эксплуатации.

Translation:
Chistopol Watch Factory «VOSTOK»
PASSPORT
for mechanical wristwatches «VOSTOK-AMPHIBIA» 2409A
TU 25.07.1347-77

Date of sale
Store stamp

DELIVERY SET
Watch – 1 piece
Passport – 1 copy
Individual packaging – 1 piece

CERTIFICATE OF ACCEPTANCE
The mechanical wristwatch «Vostok-Amphibia» meets the requirements of TU 25-07.1347-77 and is deemed suitable for use.

Technical Data and Instructions

Transcription:
ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ДАННЫЕ
Класс точности – 1.
Средний суточный ход часов при температуре (20±5)°С в пределах от минус 20 до плюс 40 с/сут.
Число функциональных камней – 17.
Продолжительность действия часов от одной полной заводки пружины не менее 40 час.
Максимальная глубина погружения часов в воду не более 200 м.
Средний полный срок службы часов – 10 лет.
Часы “Восток-Амфибия” с централизованной секундной стрелкой.
Часы в водопроницаемом корпусе из нержавеющей стали, подверженные магнитным полям напряженностью 480±60 А/м.

ИНСТРУКЦИИ ПО ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ
Перед эксплуатацией часов, внимательно прочтите инструкцию. Часы предназначены для эксплуатации в пресной и соленой воде, в общем и грязной воде.
Для завода часов, отвинтите заводную головку и немного вытяните ее в сторону направления стрелки.
Для перевода стрелок, вытяните заводную головку в сторону и поверните ее в направлении стрелок до необходимого времени. Поверните заводную головку в исходное положение и полностью заверните.
Для завода часов, поверните заводную головку в обратном направлении до упора. Сверните заводную головку до конца.

Обращайте внимание, что вокруг заводной головки всегда есть кольцо воды.

Translation:
TECHNICAL DATA
Accuracy class – 1.
The average daily variation of the watch at a temperature of (20±5)°C ranges from -20 to +40 sec/day.
Number of functional rubies – 17.
Duration of operation of the watch with one full wind of the spring is at least 40 hours.
Maximum diving depth of the watch is no more than 200 m.
Average total service life of the watch is 10 years.
“Vostok-Amphibia” watches with a centralized second hand.
Watches in a waterproof case made of stainless steel, resistant to magnetic fields with an intensity of 480±60 A/m.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
Before using the watch, carefully read the instructions. The watch is designed for use in fresh and salt water, in general and dirty water.
To wind the watch, unscrew the crown and pull it slightly in the direction of the arrow.
To set the hands, pull the crown out and turn it in the direction of the hands until the desired time. Return the crown to its original position and tighten it completely.
To wind the watch, turn the crown in the opposite direction until it stops. Screw the crown completely.

Note that there is always a ring of water around the crown.

Top Right Section

Transcription:
Чистопольский часовой завод
422950, ТССР г. Чистополь, ул. Энгельса, 127.

ТАЛОН № 2
на гарантийный ремонт часов наручных механических
«ВОСТОК-АМФИБИЯ» 2409А
в течение гарантийного срока

Проданы магазином (наименование торг.) _________
Штамп магазина ________________ 19___г.

Выполненные работы по устранению недостатков:
(подпись) ____________ (дата) _______________

Владелец _______________ (подпись) _______________

Утверждаю:
Зав. ателье ___________ (подпись) ____________

Штамп (наимен. бытового пред.) _______________
Дата _______________ 19___г. (подпись) ____________

Translation:
Chistopol Watch Factory
422950, TSSR, Chistopol, Engels Street, 127.

COUPON № 2
for warranty repair of mechanical wristwatches
«VOSTOK-AMPHIBIA» 2409A
during the warranty period

Sold by store (trade name) _________
Store stamp ________________ 19___year

Work performed to correct deficiencies:
(signature) ____________ (date) _______________

Owner _______________ (signature) _______________

Approved by:
Head of workshop ___________ (signature) ____________

Stamp (name of household appliance) _______________
Date _______________ 19___year (signature) ____________

Bottom Section

Transcription:
Шифр внешнего оформления
Номер участка (бригад)
Дата выпуска
Шифр внешнего оформления
Номер участка (бригад)
Номер часов
Дата выпуска
Покрытие корпуса
золота серебра – Содержание драгоценных метал., г.
Свободная розничная цена
Артикул
КОД ОКД
Шифр внешнего оформления
Номер участка (бригад)
Дата выпуска

Translation:
External finish code
Site number (brigade)
Release date
External finish code
Site number (brigade)
Watch number
Release date
Case coating
gold silver – Precious metal content, g.
Retail price
Article
OKD code
External finish code
Site number (brigade)
Release date


Retro

Back of Passport – Block 1

Transcription:
Дает право на бесплатный гарантий-
ный ремонт часов в течение гарантий-
ного срока.

Виды работ поддержуки:
1. Разборка и промывка механизма с
заменой деталей и узлов
2. Разборка и промывка механизма без
замены деталей и узлов.

При отрыве талона мастерская ставит
на паспорте штамп и дату, что дает
право потребителю в случае некачествен-
но выполненных работ на повторное бес-
платное исправление часов в той же ма-
стерской.

При отправке часов в гарантийную ма-
стерскую часового завода почтовой по-
сылкой потребитель должен кратко опи-
сать причину, по которой он направляет
часы, и приложить справку гарантийной
мастерской. Посылку следует отправлять
без “наложенного платежа”.

Владелец и его адрес

Подпись

Translation:
Entitles to free warranty
repair of watches during the warranty
period.

Types of supported work:
1. Disassembly and washing of the mechanism with
replacement of parts and units
2. Disassembly and washing of the mechanism without
replacement of parts and units.

When detaching the coupon, the workshop places
a stamp and date on the passport, which gives
the consumer the right, in case of poorly
performed work, to a free correction of the watch in the same
workshop.

When sending the watch to the warranty
workshop of the factory by mail, the consumer must briefly
describe the reason for sending the watch and attach the
warranty workshop certificate. The package should be sent
without “cash on delivery”.

Owner and address

Signature

Back of Passport – Block 2

Transcription:
—переведите стрелки вращением головки, после установки
стрелок головку заверните.
Для замера времени в пределах часа началу шкалы пово-
ротного ранта совместите с минутной стрелкой и отсчет веди-
те по шкале ранта.
Для сохранения свечения светосостава не подвергайте ци-
ферблат длительному воздействию солнечных лучей.
Для надежного функционирования часов соблюдайте сле-
дующие правила:
— оберегайте часы от падения, резких ударов, от воздействия
химических продуктов;
— не открывайте корпус часов во избежание попадания пыли
и грязи в механизм;
— при отвинчивания заводной головки убедитесь в отсутствии
капель воды вокруг неё;
— не отвинчивайте заводную головку часом, находящихся в
воде;
— перед погружением в воду убедитесь, что заводная головка
полностью завернута.
Часы рассчитаны на долговечный срок службы с периодиче-
ской чисткой, смазкой и регулировкой, не реже одного раза
в три года в послегарантийный период эксплуатации.

Translation:
—Set the hands by turning the crown, after setting
the hands, tighten the crown.
To measure the time within an hour, align the start of the scale of the
rotating bezel with the minute hand and count according to the bezel scale.
To preserve the luminescence of the luminescent composition, do not expose the
dial to direct sunlight for a long time.
For reliable operation of the watch, follow these
rules:
— protect the watch from drops, sharp impacts, and exposure to
chemical products;
— do not open the case of the watch to avoid getting dust and
dirt into the mechanism;
— when unscrewing the crown, make sure there are no
water drops around it;
— do not unscrew the crown while the watch is in
water;
— before immersing in water, make sure the crown
is fully tightened.
The watch is designed for a long service life with periodic
cleaning, lubrication, and adjustment, at least once
every three years during the post-warranty period of use.

Back of Passport – Block 3

Transcription:
ГАРАНТИЙНЫЕ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬСТВА

Гарантийный срок эксплуатации часов — 1 год со дня про-
дажи через розничную торговую сеть.
Гарантия не распространяется на часы:
без паспорта;
с истекшим сроком гарантии;
с нарушением правил эксплуатации, указанных в настоя-
щем паспорте.
Адрес гарантийной мастерской завода: 422950, ТССР,
г. Чистополь, ул. Энгельса, 127, часовой завод.
Не качественные часы обмениваются в магазине согласно
«Правилам обмена промышленных товаров».

Translation:
WARRANTY OBLIGATIONS

The warranty period of the watch is 1 year from the date of
sale through the retail network.
The warranty does not apply to watches:
without a passport;
with an expired warranty period;
with violations of the operating rules indicated in the
passport.
Address of the factory warranty workshop: 422950, TSSR,
Chistopol, Engels Street, 127, watch factory.
Defective watches are exchanged in the store according to the
«Rules for the exchange of industrial goods».

Back of Passport – Block 4

Transcription:
Дает право на бесплатный гарантий-
ный ремонт часов при котором произво-
дятся работы без разборки механизма.

Владелец и его адрес:

Подпись

ЛИНИЯ ОТРЕЗА
Требуйте при изъятии талона заполнения корешка

Translation:
Entitles to free warranty
repair of watches during which
work is carried out without disassembling the mechanism.

Owner and address:

Signature

LINE OF CUTTING
Require the completion of the stub when removing the coupon


Front of the Passport

Basic Information and Warranty: The passport begins with basic information about the Chistopol watch factory, providing the complete address. The watch model, “Vostok-Amphibia” caliber 2409A, is specified, and the date of sale is indicated with the shop stamp and the owner’s signature.

Technical Data: The technical characteristics of the watch are listed, including the accuracy class, the average daily variation, the number of functional rubies, and the duration of operation with a full wind. Additionally, the maximum diving depth and the total service life of the watch are indicated.

Usage Instructions: The instructions explain how to properly use the watch, including how to wind it, set the hands, and ensure the crown is securely screwed before immersion in water. The importance of avoiding prolonged exposure to direct sunlight to preserve the dial’s luminosity is emphasized.

Bottom Section: The bottom section of the passport contains various codes and numbers related to the external finish, site number, release date, watch number, case coating, precious metal content, retail price, and item number.

Back of the Passport

Warranty Obligations: The back of the passport begins with a section dedicated to warranty obligations. It specifies that during the warranty period, the watch is repaired free of charge by presenting the manufacturer’s workshop certificate, the commercial organization’s stamp, the date of sale, and the owner’s signature. However, the warranty does not cover the glass, strap, bracelet, case (metal), and mechanisms damaged by shocks or other defects caused by the consumer.

Warranty Conditions: It is reiterated that the warranty period is 1 year from the date of sale through the retail network. The warranty does not apply to watches without a passport, with an expired warranty period, or with violations of the usage rules indicated in the passport. The address of the manufacturer’s warranty workshop is provided for any repairs.

Repair Guidelines: The document continues with repair guidelines, specifying that the free repair covers work without disassembling the mechanism. The owner is asked to properly fill out the stub when removed and to ensure no water droplets around the crown when unscrewed.

Final Notes: Finally, the passport concludes with a reminder to require the completion of the stub when removed and the owner’s signature.


Continua….

The Mystery of the Vostok Komandirskie: Commemorating the 70th Anniversary of the Volkhov Hydroelectric Plant or Related to the Oil Industry?

russian watch Vostok Komandirskie

The Vostok Komandirskie watch, with its enigmatic dial, has sparked curiosity and various hypotheses over time. This article explores two main theories regarding the meaning behind the dial.

Theory 1: The Volkhov Hydroelectric Plant

The first theory suggests that the watch was commissioned to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the Volkhov Hydroelectric Plant.

In the center of the watch dial, there is an image resembling a diaphragm, a propeller, or more likely, a Francis turbine, commonly used in the early 20th century for low-pressure applications. This type of turbine is ideal for the technology of the time and fits the historical context.

The Volkhov Hydroelectric Plant, the first hydroelectric power plant built according to the GOELRO plan, was put into operation in 1926. Celebrating its 70th anniversary in 1986 aligns well with the production period of the Vostok Komandirskie watch.

Fotografia della celebrazione del 70° anniversario della centrale idroelettrica di Volkhov, dicembre 1996.
Fotografia della serata di gala dedicata al 70° anniversario della centrale idroelettrica di Volkhov. Una lettera di ringraziamento viene presentata a un dipendente della centrale dal sindaco della città di Volkhov, Volchkova N.M. Fonte: union.lenoblmus.ru.

In 2016, to mark the 90th anniversary of the plant, a monument featuring a turbine was unveiled outside the plant. Here are photos of the monument and the plaque translation:

Monument in honor of the builders and power engineers of the Volkhov Hydroelectric Power Plant.
Monument in honor of the builders and power engineers of the Volkhov Hydroelectric Power Plant. The plaque reads: “Monumento in onore dei costruttori e degli ingegneri energetici della centrale idroelettrica di Volkhov. Volkhovskaya HPP – la prima centrale idroelettrica costruita secondo il piano GOELRO, messa in funzione nel 1926.
Detail of the plaque on the monument honoring the builders and power engineers of the Volkhov Hydroelectric Power Plant.
Detail of the plaque on the monument honoring the builders and power engineers of the Volkhov Hydroelectric Power Plant. The plaque reads: “Монумент в честь строителей и энергетиков Волховской ГЭС. Волховская ГЭС – первая гидроэлектростанция, построенная по плану ГОЭЛРО, введена в эксплуатацию в 1926 году.

Translation of the plaque: “Monument in honor of the builders and energy engineers of the Volkhov Hydroelectric Plant. Volkhovskaya HPP – the first hydroelectric power station built according to the GOELRO plan, put into operation in 1926.”

Theory 2: The Oil Industry Connection

Another plausible theory, discussed in detail on the cccp-forum.it by users cuoccimix, zvezda, DaniLao, fiurdesoca, Cane, Trash, and robyvintage, suggests that the watch might be related to the oil industry.

This theory posits that the symbol on the dial represents a component used in oil extraction. Fiurdesoca shared a photo of a commemorative watch featuring a similar turbine symbol, along with the text “ЦБПО ЭПУ,” suggesting a connection to oil drilling. The watch has a stylized drilling rig and the dates 1985-1995, with the name of the city Langepas, indicating a link to the oil industry.

Description of fiurdesoca’s watch: This commemorative watch has a dial depicting a stylized drilling rig with the dates 1985-1995 and the name Langepas. The text on the dial, “ЦБПО ЭПУ,” translates to “Central Bureau of Production Services for Electrical Submersible Installations,” pointing towards an oil industry connection.

Close-up of a commemorative watch with the inscription "ЦБПО ЭПУ", "1985 1995", and "г. Лангепас". Image property of fiurdesoca.
Close-up of a commemorative watch celebrating 10 years (1985-1995) of ЦБПО ЭПУ in Лангепас. Image property of fiurdesoca.

About ЦБПО ЭПУ: The Central Bureau of Production Services for Electrical Submersible Installations (ЦБПО ЭПУ) is a company located in Surgut, part of the OJSC “Surgutneftgas” group, one of the largest oil companies in Russia. The company specializes in the maintenance and repair of electric centrifugal pumps used primarily in the oil industry.

Founded to provide technical services and support for extraction operations, ЦБПО ЭПУ engages in a wide range of activities, including the assembly and disassembly of electric pump installations, management of control stations, and repair of electrical equipment. These devices are crucial for the operation of extraction and management of natural resources like oil and gas.

The company has participated in various meetings and conferences with other industry companies, focusing on topics such as industrial safety, equipment maintenance, and operational efficiency of installations. For example, in a recent meeting in Neftekumsk, themes like workplace safety, pump maintenance, and resource management were discussed.

Employee reviews of ЦБПО ЭПУ are mixed, with some criticisms regarding internal management and working conditions. However, the company remains a key player in the oil industry services sector, significantly contributing to the maintenance and operation of critical infrastructure in Russia.

Without conclusive evidence, both theories remain viable. Future discoveries and further information may validate or refute these hypotheses.

Raketa Sosnovy Bor Watch: A Commemorative Timepiece Telling a Story of Energy and Culture

russian watch Raketa Sosnovy Bor

Introduction

The Raketa Sosnovy Bor watch is a unique and fascinating piece that celebrates the twenty-year anniversary of the Sosnovy Bor nuclear power plant. This watch, produced in 1993, incorporates cultural and local symbols, making it an item of not only historical value but also great aesthetic and cultural significance. The three concentric stripes on the edges of the dial, representing the colours of the Russian flag (white, blue, and red), clearly indicate that this watch was created in the post-Soviet period, reflecting the new national identity of Russia.

Description of the Dial

The dial of the Raketa Sosnovy Bor watch is rich in symbols that tell the story of the nuclear power plant and the city of Sosnovy Bor.

  • Yellow Part: This represents a characteristic structure of Andersengrad, a theme park located in the city of Sosnovy Bor. Andersengrad is inspired by the fairy tales of Hans Christian Andersen and features a castle with a clock, a copper roof made of red bricks, and a weather vane. The roof decoration, with the stylised sun and the stripes radiating to the right, is clearly visible on the watch dial.
  • Blue Industrial Building: This represents the nuclear power plant itself, a symbol of progress and technology.
  • Green Elements: These represent trees, highlighting the connection with nature and ecology. The city of Sosnovy Bor is indeed rich in forests, covering an area of about 7.3 km². These green elements indicate a balance between energy production and environmental preservation.

This watch is highly sought after by collectors for its unique design and the historical and cultural significance it carries.

russian watch Raketa Sosnovy Bor
Raketa Sosnovy Bor

The Sosnovy Bor Nuclear Power Plant

History and Construction

The Sosnovy Bor nuclear power plant, also known as the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant (LNPP), is located in the Leningrad region, Russia. The city of Sosnovy Bor was founded in 1958 specifically to support the construction and operation of the nuclear power plant. The construction of the plant began in 1967, and the first unit was launched in 1973. This plant was one of the first in Russia to use RBMK-1000 reactors, the same type used at the Chernobyl plant.

Events and Incidents
  • 1973: The first unit of the Sosnovy Bor nuclear power plant begins producing energy.
  • 1975, 1979, 1981: Three more units come online, making LNPP one of the largest nuclear power plants in the world.
  • 1990: During refurbishment works of Unit 1, an increase in radiation is detected due to the leakage of contaminated graphite.
  • 1991: An accident due to faulty equipment and non-compliance with safety rules causes ten fuel rods to break.
  • 1992: Another incident results in the release of radioactive gases and iodine into the air.
  • 2009: A unit is stopped due to a hole in a pump discharge header.
  • 2015: The first unit of the plant is shut down for decommissioning.
Modernisation and Replacement

Over the years, the plant has undergone numerous modernisation works to improve safety and efficiency. In 2008, construction of the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant-2 (LNPP-2) began, using new-generation VVER-1200 reactors. These reactors are designed to replace the old RBMK-1000 units, with greater efficiency and higher safety standards.

Andersengrad: A Fairy Tale Piece of Local Culture

Andersengrad is a theme park located in Sosnovy Bor, inspired by the fairy tales of Hans Christian Andersen. It is a magical place for children, characterised by fairy-tale architectural structures, including castles and towers. The castle with the clock and the copper roof is one of the main attractions of the park, decorated with stylised elements such as weather vanes. This detail has been integrated into the design of the Raketa Sosnovy Bor watch dial, emphasising the connection between local culture and the industrial history of the city.

Torre con orologio in un ambiente pittoresco, con decorazioni luminose. Proprietà di JEANYWITCH.
Torre con orologio in un ambiente pittoresco, con decorazioni luminose. Immagine di proprietà di JEANYWITCH. Fonte: ne-kurim.ru.

Conclusion

The Raketa Sosnovy Bor watch is much more than just a timepiece. It is a piece of history that celebrates the Sosnovy Bor nuclear power plant and integrates local cultural symbols such as Andersengrad. This watch represents a perfect balance between technological progress and respect for culture and the environment, making it a valuable item for collectors and history enthusiasts. Its production in 1993 and the use of the Russian flag colours place it in a period of national renewal, reflecting the new identity of post-Soviet Russia.

Maritime College of Murmansk Raketa Watch: A Tribute to Maritime Excellence

Primo piano di un orologio con quadrante nero e dettagli dorati, recante la scritta in cirillico "1932" e "МУРМАНСКИЙ МОРСКОЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ ИМ. И. МЕСЯЦЕВА". Proprietà di Sovietaly.

Description of the Dial

The Raketa watch featuring the Maritime College of Murmansk is a refined model with a gold case and Raketa 2409 calibre. The black dial, adorned with gold details, is both elegant and functional. At the centre of the dial, a stylised building represents the Murmanskiy Morskoy Kolledzh imeni I.I. Mesyatseva (Maritime College of Murmansk named after I.I. Mesyatsev). Above the building, the aurora borealis is stylised, symbolizing the institute’s location above the Arctic Circle and the natural beauty visible in Murmansk. The date “1932” indicates the year the institute was founded.

Primo piano di un orologio con quadrante nero e dettagli dorati, recante la scritta in cirillico "1932" e "МУРМАНСКИЙ МОРСКОЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ ИМ. И. МЕСЯЦЕВА". Proprietà di Sovietaly.
Primo piano di un orologio con quadrante nero e dettagli dorati, recante la scritta in cirillico “1932” e “МУРМАНСКИЙ МОРСКОЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ ИМ. И. МЕСЯЦЕВА”. Immagine di proprietà di Sovietaly.

Celebration and Commemoration

This watch celebrates the founding of the Murmanskiy Morskoy Kolledzh in 1932. This institution has played a crucial role in training specialists in the maritime and fishing sectors.

College History

The Murmanskiy Morskoy Kolledzh was inaugurated on December 17, 1932, aiming to provide qualified personnel for the newly established Soviet fishing fleet​ (EduNews)​​ (Учёба.ру)​. Named after Ivan Ivanovich Mesyatsev, a key figure in the development of marine technologies in Russia, the institute is now one of the leading maritime schools in Northwest Russia.

Edificio del Murmansk Marine College, Murmansk, Russia. Fonte: kolledzh-mesyatseva-murmansk.
L’edificio del Murmansk Marine College, situato a Murmansk, Russia. Fonte: kolledzh-mesyatseva-murmansk.

Evolution and Modernity

Since 2013, the college has been part of the Murmansk State Technical University complex and is one of the five educational centres created by the Federal Fisheries Agency​ (EduNews)​​ (Учёба.ру)​. It offers various educational programs ranging from ichthyology to food production technology, providing comprehensive and updated training to its students.

Current Importance

Today, the college continues to play a vital role in training sailors and maritime specialists. Its facilities include modern laboratories and a well-equipped campus, including a dormitory for students. This makes it a centre of excellence recognised throughout Russia​ (Учёба.ру)​.

Conclusion

The Raketa watch with a 2409 calibre is not just a functional accessory but also a tribute to the long educational tradition of the Murmanskiy Morskoy Kolledzh. Wearing this watch means carrying a symbol of Russian maritime expertise, celebrating an institution that has significantly contributed to the development of maritime skills in the country.

Links for Further Reading

  1. Murmanskiy Morskoy Kolledzh
  2. History of the College
  3. Murmansk State Technical University
  4. Raketa 2409 Calibre
  5. Raketa Watches

Ostwok: The Story and Mystery of Russian Watches Marketed as Swiss

Ostwok: The Story and Mystery of Russian Watches Marketed as Swiss

Introduction to Ostwok

The Ostwok brand represents a fascinating chapter in horological history, blending the reliability of Soviet military watches with Swiss prestige and precision. Founded in 1993, Ostwok SA was based in Fehraltorf, Switzerland, and specialized in importing and distributing Russian Vostok watches under a brand that suggested Swiss origin. This article explores the company’s history, the details of its products, and the mysterious 1994 contest, providing a comprehensive overview of this intriguing phenomenon.


The Foundation of Ostwok SA

Ostwok SA was founded in 1993 in Fehraltorf, Switzerland, at Wingertstrasse 50, 8308 Illnau, Illnau-Effretikon, Switzerland. The company imported Vostok watches from the Soviet Union, known for their robustness and reliability, and distributed them in Europe under the Ostwok brand. With a share capital of 800,000 CHF distributed in 800 nominal shares of 1,000 CHF each, the company operated until 2002, when it was liquidated (kompany – global company intelligence)​​ (kompany – global company intelligence)​.

Updated Values in Euros:

  • 800,000 CHF in 1993: Assuming an average exchange rate of 1.50 CHF per euro and an annual inflation rate of 2%, this amount would be approximately 800,000 CHF x 0.66 = 528,000 EUR today.
  • 1,000 CHF per share in 1993: Similarly, each share would be worth approximately 1,000 CHF x 0.66 = 660 EUR today.

Operational Address of Ostwok

From the attached image, it is seen that the operational address on the watch box was Ostwok SA, Postfach 200, Allmendstr. 30, CH-8320 Fehraltorf, Switzerland.

Primo piano di una scatola nera con l'indirizzo della società OSTWOK SA. Proprietà di Sovietaly.
Primo piano di una scatola nera con l’indirizzo della società OSTWOK SA. Immagine di proprietà di Sovietaly.

The Ostwok Brand

Ostwok is an anagram of Wostok, the German name for Vostok, chosen to facilitate correct pronunciation in German-speaking countries. The Ostwok logo, which replaced Vostok’s Cyrillic “B” with a “W”, was a distinctive feature and often included graphic symbols such as stars or military emblems. This branding aimed to create an image of Swiss watches, leveraging Switzerland’s reputation in watchmaking (WatchUSeek Watch Forums)​​ (SOVIETALY™)​.


Ostwok Watches

The watches sold under the Ostwok brand were actually Vostok Komandirskie and Amphibia models, known for their robustness and durability. These watches, originally produced for the Red Army, featured mechanical movements and often had cases finished in titanium nitride. They were sold with a kit that included a cardboard box and a leaflet with instructions and warranty (TrademarkRegistrationOnline)​​ (SOVIETALY™).

russian swiss watch Ostwok Vostok Komandirskie Generals-Uhr
Ostwok Generals-Uhr
Vostok Ostwok Komandirskie Paratrooper
Ostwok Paratrooper
swiss russian ostwok watch gagarin
Ostwok Kosmonauten-Uhr

Registration in Canada

Ostwok SA registered several trademarks in Canada starting in 1994, including trademarks for horological and chronometric instruments and related accessories. However, the registration procedures were interrupted, and the trademarks were abandoned by 1998. This registration was part of a strategy to expand the brand’s international presence and protect it in global markets (TrademarkRegistrationOnline)​​ (WatchUSeek Watch Forums).


The 1994 Contest

In 1994, Ostwok SA launched a contest to promote its watches. The contest offered significant prizes, including sums of money (SFr. 10,000 for the first prize and SFr. 5,000 for the second prize) and Ostwok watches. Participants had to correctly answer three questions regarding Ostwok SA’s headquarters, whether the watches required batteries, and the presence of a quality certificate. The deadline for submissions was 31 May 1994, and the winners were to be selected under notarial supervision. No further specific information about the contest’s outcome or winners has been found (SOVIETALY™)​​ (SOVIETALY™)​​ (WatchUSeek Watch Forums).

Pubblicità in tedesco di orologi militari russi Ostwok con immagini di diversi modelli. Proprietà di Mchap.
Pubblicità in tedesco che promuove orologi militari russi Ostwok con diversi modelli visibili. Immagine di proprietà di Mchap.

Translation of the Advertisement:

Jetzt schlägt’s OSTWOK

OSTWOK, die russische Original-Militäruhr

Jetzt sind sie da! Die einzig echten Original-Kommandirskie-Militäruhren aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion. Diese weitgehendst handgefertigten, mechanischen und robusten Spezialuhren sind bereits im härtesten Testmarkt Schweiz der absolute Renner. Nun ist die erste Kollektion, die eigens für die ehemalige sowjetische Armee-Elite kreiert wurde, auch in Deutschland eingetroffen. Weitere Serien werden folgen!

Die schweizerische Handelsfirma OSTWOK SA hat den alleinigen weltweiten Vertrieb exklusiv in Händen und bietet sie im Direktverkauf unter der Marke OSTWOK mit Lederarmband, Qualitätszertifikat vom Werk und 1 Jahr Garantie an. Sichern Sie sich dieses batteriefreie, wasserdichte und stoßfeste Liebhaberstück. Es besteht ein Ansichts- bzw. Rückgaberecht innerhalb 5 Tagen. Die Uhren bleiben bis zur vollständigen Bezahlung im Eigentum der Lieferfirma.

Verlangen Sie unseren Prospekt für weitere Kommandirskie-Uhren!

Bestell-Telefon: 0130 815 888 (gebührenfrei)
Bestell-Telefax: 004119 551 313

RESERVIERUNGS-/ BESTELLZERTIFIKAT

AnzahlArmband braunArmband schwarz
KGB (automatisch)DM 215.-[ ]DM 220.-[ ]
GeneralDM 195.-[ ]DM 200.-[ ]
AdmiralDM 195.-[ ]DM 200.-[ ]
MarinefliegerDM 195.-[ ]DM 200.-[ ]
KosmonautDM 89.-[ ]DM 94.-[ ]

Gewünschte Zahlungsart: [ ] Bar/Check
[ ] Rechnung
[ ] Nachnahme

Preise zuzüglich MwSt., Verpackungs- und Versandspesen

Frau/Herr:
Name/Vorname:
Strasse/Nr.:
PLZ/Ort:
Telefonnummer:
Geburtsdatum:
Datum, Unterschrift:

Bitte einsenden an: Ostwok SA, Postfach 200, CH-8320 Fehraltorf

Now it’s time for OSTWOK

OSTWOK, the original Russian military watch

Now they are here! The only genuine original Komandirskie military watches from the former Soviet Union. These predominantly handmade, mechanical, and robust special watches are already the absolute hit in the toughest Swiss test market. Now the first collection, specially created for the former Soviet army elite, has also arrived in Germany. More series will follow!

The Swiss trading company OSTWOK SA has exclusive worldwide distribution rights and offers them for direct sale under the OSTWOK brand with a leather strap, factory quality certificate, and a 1-year warranty. Secure these battery-free, waterproof, and shockproof collector’s items. There is a viewing and return right within 5 days. The watches remain the property of the supplier until full payment.

Request our brochure for more Komandirskie watches!

Order Telephone: 0130 815 888 (toll-free)
Order Fax: 004119 551 313

Reservation/Order Certificate

QuantityBrown StrapBlack Strap
KGB (automatic)DM 215.-[ ]DM 220.-[ ]
GeneralDM 195.-[ ]DM 200.-[ ]
AdmiralDM 195.-[ ]DM 200.-[ ]
Naval PilotDM 195.-[ ]DM 200.-[ ]
CosmonautDM 89.-[ ]DM 94.-[ ]

Preferred Payment Method: [ ] Cash/Check
[ ] Invoice
[ ] COD

Prices plus VAT, packaging, and shipping costs

Name/Surname:
Street/No.:
ZIP/City:
Telephone Number:
Date of Birth:
Date, Signature:

Please send to: Ostwok SA, Postfach 200, CH-8320 Fehraltorf


Contract with Switzerland

A period newspaper article describes the contract between a Swiss company, BN, and the Vostok watch factory. This contract involved the supply of 1.5 million “Commandant” watches and exclusive distribution in the West. Vostok’s administrative director, Vladimir Irnjiev, confirmed the details without revealing specific information about the Swiss partner or the contract amount (WatchUSeek Watch Forums)​.

Articolo di giornale in francese intitolato "Contrat avec la Suisse" che parla dell'accordo tra la fabbrica di orologi russa Ostwok e una società svizzera per la fornitura di orologi Commandant (Komandirskie)
Articolo di giornale francese che annuncia il contratto tra la fabbrica di orologi russa Ostwok e una società svizzera per la fornitura di 1,5 milioni di orologi Commandant. Immagine di proprietà di Mchap.

Text of the Article:

Massive, inelegant, but reliable, the Russian “Commandant” watch was once reserved for Red Army officers. For three years, it has made its appearance in the West, with some success. So much so that a Swiss company, BN, has just signed a contract with the “Vostok” watch factory, which will supply 1.5 million “Commandant” watches in the coming years.

The Swiss firm has also acquired exclusive sales rights in the West. Available on the Russian market for about 5000 rubles (about 45 francs), these massive watches are now distributed internationally.

Contacted in Chistopol, in the Tatarstan region (central Russia), the administrative director of “Vostok”, Vladimir Irnjiev, remains very evasive.

He confirms the data published by the Russian agency Interfax but says nothing more, neither about the Swiss partner nor about the amount of the contract, “a commercial secret”.

As for the BN company, it is unknown to the Swiss Watch Federation, which keeps a register of all Swiss companies that produce and market watches.

With an annual production of about 70 million watches, Russia is one of the “giants” of watchmaking, along with Japan, Hong Kong, and Switzerland.

Updated Values in Euros:

  • 45 Swiss francs in 1994: With the same exchange rate and inflation, this amount would be about 45 CHF x 0,66 = 29,7 EUR today.

Additional Resources and Links

Conclusion

With this information, we can better understand the history and uniqueness of Ostwok watches, an intriguing blend of Soviet reliability and European style. Ostwok represents a fascinating example of how watchmaking can unite different cultural and technical traditions, creating unique and sought-after products for collectors.

Complete Guide to Abbreviations of Days of the Week and Months on Soviet Watches

Vintage Soviet wristwatch showing days of the week and months in Cyrillic, surrounded by modern watches with date displays in multiple languages.

Watch enthusiasts often encounter abbreviations in Cyrillic for days of the week and months on Russian and Soviet watches. This guide provides a clear outline of the correspondence of these abbreviations in Cyrillic, English, French, Spanish, Italian, Japanese, Chinese, and Arabic. Additionally, we will explore the calendar used in the Soviet Union and some historical curiosities. Finally, we will explain why French days of the week are sometimes used on Japanese watches.

russian watch Raketa Perpetual Calendar
Raketa Perpetual Calendar

Days of the Week

Here is a table showing the correspondence of the abbreviations for the days of the week:

LanguageMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySunday
RussianПНД (PND)ВТР (VTR)СРД (SRD)ЧТВ (ChTV)ПТН (PTN)СБТ (SBT)ВСК (VSK)
EnglishMONTUEWEDTHUFRISATSUN
FrenchLUNMARMERJEUVENSAMDIM
SpanishLUNMARMIÉJUEVIESÁBDOM
ItalianLUNMARMERGIOVENSABDOM
Japanese月 (Getsu)火 (Ka)水 (Sui)木 (Moku)金 (Kin)土 (Do)日 (Nichi)
Chinese一 (Yī)二 (Èr)三 (Sān)四 (Sì)五 (Wǔ)六 (Liù)日 (Rì)
Arabicاث (ITH)ثل (THL)أر (AR)خم (KHM)جم (JM)سب (SB)أحد (AHD)
Correspondence of the abbreviations for the days of the week in Cyrillic, English, French, Spanish, Italian, Japanese, Chinese, and Arabic.

Months of the Year

Here is a table showing the correspondence of the abbreviations for the months of the year:

LanguageJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember
RussianЯНВ (YAnV)ФЕВ (FEV)МАР (MAR)АПР (APR)МАЙ (MAY)ИЮН (IYuN)ИЮЛ (IYuL)АВГ (AVG)СЕН (SEN)ОКТ (OKT)НОЯ (NOYa)ДЕК (DEK)
EnglishJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDEC
FrenchJANFÉVMARAVRMAIJUNJUIAOÛSEPOCTNOVDÉC
SpanishENEFEBMARABRMAYJUNJULAGOSEPOCTNOVDIC
ItalianGENFEBMARAPRMAGGIULUGAGOSETOTTNOVDIC
Japanese1月 (Ichigatsu)2月 (Nigatsu)3月 (Sangatsu)4月 (Shigatsu)5月 (Gogatsu)6月 (Rokugatsu)7月 (Shichigatsu)8月 (Hachigatsu)9月 (Kugatsu)10月 (Jūgatsu)11月 (Jūichigatsu)12月 (Jūnigatsu)
Chinese一月 (Yīyuè)二月 (Èryuè)三月 (Sānyuè)四月 (Sìyuè)五月 (Wǔyuè)六月 (Liùyuè)七月 (Qīyuè)八月 (Bāyuè)九月 (Jiǔyuè)十月 (Shíyuè)十一月 (Shíyīyuè)十二月 (Shí’èryuè)
Arabicينا (YNA)فبر (FBR)مار (MAR)أبر (ABR)ماي (MAY)ينو (YNU)يول (YUL)أغس (AGS)سبم (SPM)أكت (AKT)نوڤ (NOV)ديس (DIS)
Correspondence of the abbreviations for the months of the year in Cyrillic, English, French, Spanish, Italian, Japanese, Chinese, and Arabic.
russian watch Raketa Perpetual Calendar
Raketa Perpetual Calendar

The Soviet Union Calendar

The calendar used in the Soviet Union after the October Revolution underwent several changes. Initially, Russia used the Julian calendar, which differed from the Gregorian calendar adopted by most of the Western world. After the October Revolution of 1917, the Soviet government decided to adopt the Gregorian calendar in 1918 to better align with the rest of the world.

The October Revolution

An interesting point is that the October Revolution did not actually occur in October according to the Gregorian calendar. The revolution began on October 25, 1917, according to the Julian calendar, but this date corresponds to November 7, 1917, in the Gregorian calendar. Therefore, despite being called the “October Revolution,” the event actually took place in November according to the current calendar.

Abbreviations on Soviet Watches for Internal Market

On some Soviet watches intended for the internal market with Cyrillic inscriptions, the day of the week was abbreviated to two letters and preceded by a number. This system used the number of the day in the week followed by the first two letters of the day in uppercase. For example, Sunday was “7 ВС”. This method helped distinguish the days of the week, particularly in regions where the Cyrillic script was not commonly used, making it easier for people to identify the days.

Slava Monster

Here is the table illustrating this system:

DayAbbreviation
Monday1 ПН
Tuesday2 ВТ
Wednesday3 СР
Thursday4 ЧТ
Friday5 ПТ
Saturday6 СБ
Sunday7 ВС
Abbreviations of the days of the week on Soviet watches for the internal market, using numbers followed by the first two letters in Cyrillic.

Days of the Week in Japanese

A curious aspect is that in Japan, the days of the week are sometimes indicated with the initials of the days in French on watches. This stems from a cultural and linguistic influence that saw the introduction of the French language into various Japanese sectors during the Meiji period, when Japan was modernising and seeking to emulate various aspects of Western cultures.

Conclusions

Understanding the abbreviations for the days of the week and the months on watches in different languages is essential for proper use and to avoid confusion. We hope this guide helps you better understand these correspondences and explore a bit of the history of Soviet calendars.

The Iconic Soviet Achievements Commemorated on Slava Watches

russian watch Slava USSR achievements

The Slava commemorative watches, created to honor the 60th anniversary of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1982, are adorned with symbolic images that celebrate the significant achievements of the USSR. Each hour marker on these unique timepieces is embellished with an icon that highlights a notable Soviet accomplishment during this period. Here is a detailed analysis of each image, providing a deep dive into the historical context and significance of these milestones.

russian watch Slava USSR achievements
Slava USSR achievements

Detailed Analysis of Each Hour Marker

1:00 – Atomic Energy

At 1 o’clock, the icon represents atomic energy, specifically highlighting the development of nuclear power plants. The Soviet Union was a global leader in nuclear technology, opening the world’s first civilian nuclear power plant in Obninsk in 1954. This plant marked the beginning of the peaceful use of nuclear energy, contributing significantly to the USSR’s electricity supply and showcasing its scientific and engineering capabilities. This development was part of the broader Soviet push for technological advancement during the post-war period, often highlighted in the successive Five-Year Plans that prioritized energy production​ (Encyclopedia Britannica)​.

2:00 – Hydroelectric Dams

The 2 o’clock position features a depiction of a massive hydroelectric dam, likely representing the Bratsk Dam on the Angara River, completed in 1967. At the time of its completion, it was the largest hydroelectric power station in the world, with a capacity of 4,500 megawatts. The Bratsk Dam symbolized the Soviet Union’s industrial strength and its ability to undertake and complete massive infrastructure projects that had far-reaching impacts on energy production and regional development. This project was a significant achievement of the 1956-1960 Sixth Five-Year Plan, which emphasized the development of Siberia and the Far East​ (Encyclopedia Britannica)​.

3:00 – (Vuota)

Questa posizione è occupata dal datario.

4:00 – Naval Repair Yards

At 4 o’clock, the icon depicts the shipyards and repair docks in Murmansk, which were essential to the Soviet Union’s naval capabilities. These facilities, established during and after World War II, played a crucial role in the maintenance and repair of the Soviet Navy’s fleet. Murmansk, located in the Arctic Circle, provided strategic access to the Atlantic Ocean and was vital during the Cold War for both military and commercial maritime operations. The development of these facilities was part of the post-war reconstruction efforts and subsequent Five-Year Plans that aimed to rebuild and modernize the Soviet Navy​ (Russia Beyond)​.

5:00 – Major Construction Projects

The 5 o’clock marker symbolizes the Soviet Union’s extensive construction endeavors, including the building of major infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and public buildings. The Soviet government undertook massive construction projects to modernize cities and rural areas, improve transportation networks, and build iconic structures like the Moscow Metro, which became renowned for its efficiency and architectural beauty. These efforts were central to the Third and Fourth Five-Year Plans, which focused on rebuilding and expanding urban infrastructure following the devastations of World War II​ (Vintage Watch Inc)​.

6:00 – Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM)

The icon at 6 o’clock represents the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM), a monumental railway project that extended over 4,000 kilometers across Siberia. Initiated in the 1930s and completed in the 1980s, BAM was one of the most challenging infrastructure projects in Soviet history. It provided a crucial transportation link in remote regions, promoting economic development and strategic military logistics in Eastern Siberia. The construction of BAM was prominently featured in the Eighth (1966-1970) and Ninth (1971-1975) Five-Year Plans, which emphasized the development of transportation infrastructure​ (Encyclopedia Britannica)​.

7:00 – Gas Industry

The 7 o’clock position highlights the Soviet gas industry, depicting gas storage and processing facilities. The USSR was one of the world’s largest producers of natural gas, with vast reserves in Siberia and Central Asia. The development of the gas industry played a critical role in the Soviet economy, providing energy for domestic consumption and export revenue through extensive pipeline networks that supplied gas to Europe. The expansion of the gas industry was a key component of the Tenth Five-Year Plan (1976-1980), which aimed to boost energy production and exports​ (Russia Beyond)​.

8:00 – Electrification

At 8 o’clock, the image of electricity pylons symbolizes the electrification of the Soviet Union. The GOELRO plan, launched in the 1920s, aimed to electrify the entire country and was one of Lenin’s most ambitious economic policies. By the 1930s, the plan had successfully increased the number of power plants and expanded the electrical grid, significantly boosting industrial and agricultural productivity and improving living standards across the USSR. This initiative laid the groundwork for the electrification targets in subsequent Five-Year Plans, particularly the First (1928-1932) and Second (1933-1937) plans​ (Encyclopedia Britannica)​.

9:00 – Agricultural Planning

The 9 o’clock marker features a tractor and agricultural fields, representing the achievements in agricultural planning and mechanization. The collectivization of agriculture, initiated in the late 1920s and 1930s, aimed to consolidate individual farms into large, state-run enterprises to increase efficiency and output. Despite initial disruptions, the introduction of modern machinery and scientific farming techniques eventually led to significant increases in agricultural production. These efforts were central to the First (1928-1932) and Second (1933-1937) Five-Year Plans, which focused on transforming Soviet agriculture​ (Encyclopedia Britannica)​.

10:00 – Moscow Olympics 1980

The icon at 10 o’clock shows an athlete holding an Olympic torch, commemorating the 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow. Despite the boycott led by the United States, the Moscow Olympics were a major event, showcasing the USSR’s cultural and sporting achievements. The games were seen as a demonstration of Soviet organizational capabilities and provided a platform for Soviet athletes to excel on the international stage. The successful hosting of the Olympics was a significant achievement of the Brezhnev era, highlighting the nation’s ability to stage a major international event despite geopolitical tensions​ (Russia Beyond)​.

11:00 – Arts and Culture

At 11 o’clock, the image depicts a theatrical mask and a painter’s palette, symbolizing the rich cultural heritage of the Soviet Union. The USSR placed a strong emphasis on the arts, promoting theater, music, literature, and visual arts as tools for ideological and cultural expression. Renowned institutions like the Bolshoi Theatre and artists such as Sergei Prokofiev and Marc Chagall contributed to a vibrant cultural scene that left a lasting legacy on global art and culture. Cultural development was consistently supported through various Five-Year Plans, which allocated resources to artistic and cultural institutions​ (Vintage Watch Inc)​.

12:00 – Space Exploration

The icon at the 12 o’clock position features the Salyut space station and the Sputnik satellite, symbolizing the USSR’s pioneering efforts in space exploration. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, marking the start of the space age. This achievement not only demonstrated Soviet technological prowess but also initiated the space race with the United States. The Salyut program, beginning in 1971, introduced the world’s first space stations, paving the way for long-duration human spaceflight and significant scientific experiments in microgravity​ (Vintage Watch Inc)​.

soviet watch Slava USSR achievements
Slava USSR achievements

Conclusion

The Slava commemorative watches are more than just timepieces; they are historical artifacts that encapsulate the triumphs of the Soviet Union over six decades. Each icon tells a story of innovation, resilience, and progress, reflecting the diverse achievements that defined the USSR from 1922 to 1982. These watches serve as a testament to the enduring legacy of Soviet accomplishments in various fields, from space exploration to cultural development.

By examining these intricate icons and understanding the context behind each one, we gain a deeper appreciation for the monumental efforts and achievements of the Soviet Union during a transformative period in world history.

The Soviet Polar Aviation

Logo della Polare Aviazione MGA con orso polare, pinguini e simbolo aeroflot sovietico.

Introduction

Polar Aviation, also known as Polyarnaya Aviatsiya, was a crucial division of Aeroflot, the Soviet Union’s national airline. Founded in 1931, Polar Aviation was tasked with managing flights and rescue operations in the polar regions, both in the Arctic and Antarctic. This division played a significant role in developing polar air routes and providing logistical support for scientific expeditions.

History and Foundation

Polar Aviation was established in 1931 under the direction of the Main Directorate of the North Seaside Path (Upravlenie Severnogo Morskogo Puti – SMP), later renamed Glavnoye Upravlenie Severnogo Morskogo Puti (GUSMP). The main goal of this directorate was the development of the vast northern and eastern territories of the Soviet Union. In January 1960, the directorate was subordinated to Aeroflot and renamed Glavnoye Upravlenie Grazhdanskogo Vozdushnogo Flota (Main Directorate of the Aerial Civil Fleet). Finally, in 1970, the Polar Aviation directorate was discontinued and fully integrated into Aeroflot.

Logos of Polar Aviation and Aeroflot

The logos of Soviet Aeroflot and Soviet Polar Aviation were different and reflected the various operations and missions within the company.

Soviet Aeroflot Logo: The Soviet Aeroflot logo was known for its inclusion of a wing and crossed hammer and sickle. This symbol represented the civil aviation of the Soviet Union and its connection to communist ideology. The design was simple but distinctive, with stylised elements representing both flight and the socialist industry.

Soviet Polar Aviation Logo: The Soviet Polar Aviation logo, which was a specialised division of Aeroflot dedicated to flights in the Arctic regions, was different. Although less well-known than Aeroflot’s main logo, it included elements representing the Arctic environment and the extreme conditions in which it operated. This could include stylised images of polar bears, ice, or other representations of polar regions.

While both were part of Aeroflot’s vast system, the logos served to distinguish the different operations within the airline.

Operational Bases

The main operational bases of Polar Aviation included:

These bases were crucial for organising and maintaining regular flights in the Arctic regions. Their strategic location allowed for systematic exploration of the ice and logistical support for scientific expeditions.

Famous Pilots

Numerous heroic pilots served in Polar Aviation, including:

  • Ilya Mazuruk: Commander of a modified Tupolev TB-3, famous for the rescue mission of the North Pole-1 station in 1937. He was decorated as a Hero of the Soviet Union for his contributions.
  • Mikhail Vodopyanov: Participated in the rescue mission of the Chelyuskin expedition in 1934.
  • Sigismund Levanevsky: Pilot of numerous polar flights, including the tragic flight of “USSR H-209”, which disappeared without a trace.
  • Valery Chkalov and Mikhail Gromov: Known for their record non-stop flights across the North Pole to the United States in 1937.

Aircraft Modifications

The aircraft used by Polar Aviation were often modified to adapt to the extreme polar conditions. Some of the main aircraft and their modifications included:

  • Tupolev TB-3: Modified to transport materials and personnel in extreme conditions. Used by Ilya Mazuruk during the North Pole-1 mission.
  • Antonov An-2: Used in Antarctic expeditions, the first landing in Antarctica was made by this aircraft during the first Soviet Antarctic expedition in 1956.
  • Dornier Do J Wal: Used for flights along the Northern Sea Route, modified for landings on ice and harsh marine conditions.

Operational Routes

The main routes flown by Polar Aviation included:

  • Krasnoyarsk – Dudinka – Dikson
  • Tyumen – Obdorsk
  • Dudinka – Yakutsk – Tiksi Bay
  • Nyurba – Yakutsk
  • Tura – Turukhansk

These routes were essential for connecting the most remote areas of Siberia and the Arctic, providing vital support for scientific research and rescue operations.

Significant Incidents

Operating in the polar regions carried numerous risks, and Polar Aviation faced several significant incidents over the years. Some of the most notable include:

  • 1963 Incident: An Antonov An-12 crashed during a supply mission in the Arctic, resulting in the death of the entire crew.
  • 1972 Incident: An Ilyushin Il-14T crashed during a rescue flight in Antarctica, with the loss of several scientists on board.

Legacy and Commemorations

Despite its closure in 1960, Polar Aviation continues to be remembered through various commemorative items, including wristwatches celebrating the division’s brave operations. These watches, often adorned with the distinctive Polar Aviation logo, are highly valued by collectors for their historical significance and unique design.

Conclusion

The Soviet Polar Aviation played a fundamental role in developing aerial operations in polar regions. Its strategic bases, heroic pilots, aircraft modifications, and operational routes enabled the division to operate in some of the planet’s most extreme conditions, significantly contributing to scientific research and rescue operations. Despite numerous incidents and operational difficulties, the division left a lasting legacy that is still celebrated today.

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Vostok Faded Dial: Causes and Appeal of Soviet Watch Dials

Orologio Komandirskie con quadrante craquelé e colore virato.

The faded dials of Soviet watches, such as the famous Vostok, are a fascinating phenomenon for both collectors and watch enthusiasts. This article explores the chemical and physical causes behind the colour changes of the dials and delves into the craquelé effect, also known as spidering. Additionally, it provides a specific focus on red pigments and their instability.

What is a Faded Dial?

A faded dial is one that has undergone a colour change over time. This phenomenon is particularly evident in the dials of vintage watches, including Soviet models like Vostok. Faded dials are appreciated for their unique appearance and historical charm, often considered signs of authenticity and character.

Nitrocellulose and Colour Changes

Chemical Composition of Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose is a polymer obtained through the nitration of cellulose, a process involving the use of nitric acid and sulphuric acid. The chemical reaction replaces the hydroxyl groups in cellulose with nitro groups, creating a highly flammable and versatile compound historically used in lacquers and varnishes for watch dials.

Properties of Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose is porous, allowing oxygen and moisture to penetrate the applied film, leading to the oxidation of the underlying metal. This is one of the primary reasons why watch dials can change colour over time, developing what is commonly called “patina”​ (BEYOND THE DIAL)​.

Use in Watch Dials

In watch dials, nitrocellulose has been used to create glossy and protective coatings. However, over time, exposure to UV light, oxygen, and moisture leads to the oxidation of underlying materials and the degradation of the varnish itself. This process can cause the varnish to yellow and create an aged appearance, highly appreciated by collectors​ (BEYOND THE DIAL)​​ (WatchUSeek Watch Forums)​.

The Craquelé or Spider Effect

Another common defect in vintage watch dials is the craquelé or spider effect. This phenomenon manifests as cracks resembling a spider web and occurs primarily due to defects in the glossy coatings applied to the dials. These cracks form as a result of environmental stressors such as temperature variations and humidity, making each dial unique​ (SwissWatchExpo)​.

The Disappearance of Red Colour

A specific phenomenon observed in Vostok watch dials is the disappearance of the red colour. This occurs because the organic red pigments used in the paints were not very UV-resistant. Red paints were often composed of “lake pigments”, pigments formed from an organic dye fixed on an inorganic base, such as calcium salt. These pigments were not stable and tended to fade more quickly than other colours when exposed to sunlight​ (WatchUSeek Watch Forums)​.

Examples of Faded Dials in Vostok Watches

Vostok Komandirskie and Amphibia

The Vostok Komandirskie and Amphibia models are classic examples of Soviet watches featuring faded dials. The Komandirskie, known for its durability and water resistance, and the Amphibia, Russia’s first reliable dive watch, are both celebrated for their unique and variable dials. These watches, produced by the Chistopol Watch Factory, are valued for their robustness and iconic design​ (Vintage Watch Inc)​​ (Hodinkee)​.

Conclusion

The faded dials of Vostok watches represent a fascinating example of how materials and environmental conditions can interact to create unique and historically significant pieces. Nitrocellulose, with its porosity and susceptibility to oxidation, plays a crucial role in these changes, while defects like craquelé add further character and value. Although red pigments are the first to disappear, leaving clear signs of the passage of time, these defects are now celebrated as marks of authenticity and charm.

For further insights and to discover more models of Soviet watches with faded dials, visit specialised forums and online resources dedicated to vintage watch collecting.


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Soviet Bookmarks from 1990: Reflections on an Era of Change

Segnalibro di plastica con il logo "Information-Science '90" di Novosibirsk.

Bookmarks are practical tools for keeping one’s place in a book, but they can also serve as historical artefacts, reflecting the values, reforms, and celebrations of an era. Soviet bookmarks from 1990, in particular, offer a fascinating glimpse into the culture and social dynamics of the Soviet Union during a period of great transition. Let’s explore some significant examples of these bookmarks, each with its own historical and cultural context.

Bookmark “Information-Science ’90” – Novosibirsk

This bookmark celebrates a conference related to information science held in Novosibirsk in 1990. The design includes a stylized blue cube with a red circle at the center, symbolizing the union of science and technology under the umbrella of Soviet innovation.

Historical References and Curiosities:

  • Novosibirsk, located in Siberia, was one of the main scientific centers of the Soviet Union, with Akademgorodok (Science City) hosting numerous research institutes.
  • The year 1990 marks a period of great transition for the Soviet Union, with glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) profoundly influencing society and science.

Details of the “Information-Science ’90” Conference: The “Information-Science ’90” conference was one of the most important events of the time in the field of information science. Organized in Novosibirsk, this conference aimed to bring together scientists, engineers, and researchers to discuss the latest innovations and future applications of information technology. The event covered various aspects, including:

  • Information and Communication Technologies: The latest discoveries in computing, networking, and telecommunications were discussed. Participants explored how these technologies could be integrated into society to improve efficiency and productivity.
  • Information Management Systems: Effective information management was a crucial theme, with sessions dedicated to new systems and software for data collection, processing, and storage.
  • Cybersecurity: Given the growing importance of information networks, security measures to protect sensitive data and prevent cyber-attacks were also discussed.

Artificial Intelligence in 1990: Although the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) might seem modern, significant research was already being conducted in this field during the 1980s and 1990s. Soviet scholars were involved in various aspects of AI, including natural language processing, image recognition, and expert systems. However, it is important to note that discussions and research on AI were still in an early stage compared to today’s standards.

Segnalibro di plastica con il logo “Information-Science ’90” di Novosibirsk.

Bookmark with the Emblem of the USSR

This bookmark features the emblem of the Soviet Union, with the hammer and sickle, the red star, and the globe surrounded by ears of wheat.

Historical References and Curiosities:

  • The hammer and sickle represent the union of agricultural and industrial workers.
  • This emblem was one of the most recognizable symbols of the Soviet Union, used on official documents, flags, and coins.
  • The acronym “CCCP” stands for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
Segnalibro di plastica con emblema dell’URSS.

Bookmark with the Novosibirsk ’90 Mascot

This bookmark depicts a stylized mascot of Novosibirsk with the number ’90, clearly indicating a specific event or celebration for that year.

Historical References and Curiosities:

  • Mascots were often used to promote sports, cultural, and scientific events, creating an emotional connection with the public.
  • The year 1990 is significant as it precedes the collapse of the Soviet Union by one year, representing one of the last major events organized under the Soviet regime.
Segnalibro di plastica di Novosibirsk, anno ’90.

Bookmark “Glasnost Democracy Perestroika”

This bookmark is dedicated to the reforms of glasnost (openness), democracy, and perestroika (restructuring), introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s.

Historical References and Curiosities:

  • Glasnost aimed to increase transparency in government institutions and reduce censorship.
  • Perestroika represented an attempt to reform the Soviet economy and politics, moving towards greater openness and efficiency.
  • These reforms were crucial in transforming Soviet society, ultimately leading to the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.
Segnalibro di plastica con bandiera sovietica e scritta “Glasnost, Democrazia, Perestroika”.

Conclusion

These bookmarks are not only useful tools for keeping one’s place in a book but also represent pieces of history, reflecting the values, reforms, and celebrations of a bygone era. Each offers an opportunity to better understand the Soviet Union’s final years and the transformations that led to its dissolution.

These items can be considered valuable historical artefacts, offering a tangible glimpse into the social and political dynamics of the late 20th century in one of the world’s former superpowers​ (История и современность)​​ (VKevent)​​ (РБК)​.

Vostok and Raketa Holographic Watches

russian holographic watch Raketa

Vostok and Raketa are renowned Russian watch brands known for their innovative holographic watches. These timepieces, particularly those with military and commemorative themes, have garnered significant interest among collectors. Additionally, some rare Vostok models feature the Poljot 2609 caliber instead of the typical Vostok 2414A, further increasing their rarity and desirability.

Key Highlights

Vostok Holographic Watches

  • Military Themes: Vostok holographic watches often showcase images of military vehicles such as tanks and airplanes, reflecting the brand’s historical connection to the Russian military.
  • Commemorative Editions: These watches celebrate significant events and anniversaries, making them popular among collectors.
  • Rare Variants: Some Vostok models are equipped with the Poljot 2609 caliber, a deviation from the typical Vostok 2414A, making these models particularly rare and valuable.
Holographic Vostok Komandirskie Watch
Vostok unknown soldier tomb

Raketa Holographic Watches and Starcke Oy Collaboration

  • Holographic Designs: Raketa experimented with holographic designs in the 1980s, producing limited models with holographic elements such as images of Lenin and other Soviet symbols. These models were created in the experimental shop at the Petrodvorets Watch Factory and were often destroyed if they did not meet specific standards​ (WatchUSeek Watch Forums)​.
  • Collaboration with Starcke Oy: In the 1990s, Raketa collaborated with Starcke Oy, a Finnish company specializing in holographic films, to produce holographic watches. This collaboration aimed to enhance the visual appeal of Raketa watches by integrating advanced holographic technology into their designs​ (WatchUSeek Watch Forums)​​ (Raketa)​.
russian holographic watch Raketa
Holographic Raketa

About Starcke Oy

Starcke Oy is a Finnish company founded in 1983, specializing in brand protection and unique packaging solutions. The company gained recognition for its high-quality holographic films, which were used not only in Raketa watches but also in various security and branding applications. Starcke’s expertise in holography made them a valuable partner for Raketa during their collaboration in the 1990s​ (Wikipedia, vapaa tietosanakirja)​.

Other Soviet Brands

  • Experimental Designs: Besides Vostok and Raketa, other Soviet watch brands also experimented with holographic dials, though these models are rarer. Collectors highly seek these timepieces due to their unique designs and limited production runs.

Collectibility and Market Value

These holographic watches are highly sought after in the collector’s market due to their unique designs, historical significance, and the rare variants equipped with different calibers. The collaboration between Raketa and Starcke Oy, in particular, represents a significant chapter in the history of Russian watchmaking, blending traditional craftsmanship with innovative technology.

Further Information

For detailed discussions and examples of these watches, visit forums like Watch.ru and Faleristika.info or this section of the sovietaly’s website. These forums provide extensive insights from collectors, showcasing various models and their historical contexts.

Conclusion

Vostok and Raketa holographic watches represent a fascinating blend of technology and traditional watchmaking. Their military themes, commemorative designs, and collaborations with companies like Starcke Oy make them highly collectible and valuable pieces of horological history.

Vostok Commemorative Watch of the Komi Republic

Soviet Union commemorative watch with Republic of Komi map and symbols

Introduction

The Vostok commemorative watch of the Komi Republic represents a unique and significant piece of the region’s history, located in the northeastern part of European Russia. This watch is not just a timepiece but a tribute to the history and culture of the Komi people, dedicated to S. Spiridonov, an important local historical figure.

Soviet Union commemorative watch with Republic of Komi map and symbols
Soviet Union commemorative watch featuring a map and symbols, highlighting Ю. Спиридонов and the Republic of Komi.

Watch Description

The watch features a detailed dial with Cyrillic inscriptions, including “Главы Республики Коми С. Спиридонов” which translates to “Head of the Komi Republic S. Spiridonov.” This suggests the watch was created to commemorate Yuri Alekseevich Spiridonov, the first elected head of the Komi Republic, serving from 1994 to 2002​ (Википедия — свободная энциклопедия)​​ (Радио Свобода)​.

Meaning of the Inscriptions and Symbols

  • Главы Республики Коми С. Спиридонов: Translated as “Head of the Komi Republic S. Spiridonov,” this text honours Spiridonov, known for his significant contributions to the region’s modernisation during his tenure.
  • РТЧ (RTCH): Although this abbreviation is not immediately clear, it might refer to a specific organisation or institution, possibly military or scientific.

The watch dial also includes:

  • Map of the Komi Republic: Highlighted to underscore the regional importance.
  • Double-Headed Eagle: A traditional Russian symbol, possibly indicating a connection with the federal government or an official organisation.

History of S. Spiridonov

Yuri Alekseevich Spiridonov played a crucial role in the modern history of the Komi Republic. During his tenure, he oversaw significant administrative and social transformations, contributing to the region’s stability and development​ («7×7» Горизонтальная Россия)​.

Conclusion

The Vostok commemorative watch of the Komi Republic is not only a valuable historical item but also a symbol of the region’s culture and history. Through its inscriptions and symbols, this watch celebrates the legacy of S. Spiridonov and provides a tangible link to the rich history of the Komi people.