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Russian Military Watches: A Comprehensive Guide

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Russian military watches represent an important chapter in horological history. These instruments were designed to be robust, reliable, and functional under the most extreme conditions. Soviet military watches were not just accessories but essential work tools for coordinating military operations. Used by various branches of the armed forces, including pilots, divers, navy officers, and vehicle crews, these watches were assigned to military personnel as part of their standard equipment.

Military or Militaristic Watches?

It is important to note that many Russian and Soviet watches are often mistakenly considered military. In reality, many of these were simply militaristic watches, often sold in Voentorg stores open only to military personnel. This limited access contributed to the mistaken belief that all these watches were exclusively for military use. An example of these militaristic watches is the Vostok Komandirskie.

Sturmanskie

Sturmanskie Type I and Type II

Sturmanskie Type I and Type II watches were provided exclusively to Soviet Air Force pilots. Type I was introduced in 1949 with a 15-jewel movement and a hacking feature for precise synchronization. Type II, introduced in 1954, had 17 jewels and improvements in shock and water resistance. Both models used radium on the hands and dial to ensure visibility in the dark, making them slightly radioactive Wikipedia on Sturmanskie Type I and Type II.

soviet watch Sturmanskie Type 1 — Sturmanskie Type 1

soviet watch Sturmanskie Type 2 — Sturmanskie Type 2

Sturmanskie Chronograph (3133)

This chronograph model, introduced in 1977, used the 3133 movement, known for its reliability and ease of maintenance. It was intended for pilots and cosmonauts and was distributed exclusively within the armed forces. The 3133 chronograph has become a symbol of precision and durability Official Sturmanskie website.

sovien chronograph watch Sturmanskie Air Force — Sturmanskie Air Force

Zlatoust (Agat)

Zlatoust watches, produced by the Agat factory, were primarily designed for Soviet Navy divers. Known for their large size and robustness, these watches used radium for luminescence, ensuring visibility even in complete darkness. Zlatoust watches are still appreciated today for their durability and unique design Official Agat/Zlatoust website.

Okean (3133)

Okean Watch

Launched in 1976, the Okean was a chronograph designed for Soviet Navy officers. It used the 3133 movement and included features such as a telemeter and chronograph. These watches were not available in stores and were distributed in limited quantities, often included in ship equipment. The Okean is known for its robust design and reliability under extreme conditions Voensklad.com on Okean 3133.

Vostok Ratnik

Vostok Ratnik 6E4-1 and 6E4-2

Vostok Ratnik watches are part of the “Ratnik” equipment adopted by the Russian Ministry of Defence in 2014. These watches are designed for military use and are included in the Russian soldiers’ equipment kit. Models 6E4-1 and 6E4-2 feature an automatic Vostok 2416 movement with 31 jewels, a stainless steel case, water resistance up to 200 metres (20 ATM), and anti-magnetic and shock-resistant properties. These watches are known for their robustness and reliability in extreme conditions Vostok-Watches24.com on Vostok Ratnik 6E4-1 and 6E4-2.

russian watch Vostok Ratnik 6Э4-2 — Vostok Ratnik 6Э4-2

Poljot Strela

Poljot Strela watches (calibre 3017) were provided exclusively to high-ranking pilots and cosmonauts. These chronographs were highly valued for their precision and robustness, used in critical missions both in aviation and space Wikipedia on Poljot Strela.

https://sturmanskie.com/about/blog/progulki-v-otkrytom-kosmose/

Vehicle Watches

Watches used in military vehicles, such as planes and tanks, were built to withstand the harshest operational conditions. These timekeeping instruments often used radium to ensure readability in all conditions. They were essential for coordinating operations and controlling mission timings, significantly contributing to the operational effectiveness of the Soviet armed forces Wikipedia on Soviet military vehicle watches.

https://www.netgrafik.ch/airforce-watches12.htm

Considerations on Radioactive Materials

The use of radium in Soviet military watches was common to ensure visibility in the dark. However, with the emerging health risks associated with radioactivity, radium was gradually replaced by safer materials such as tritium and photoluminescent compounds. The transition from radium to tritium in Soviet watches occurred around 1960. This change was driven by the growing awareness of the health risks posed by radium and the need for safer alternatives Radium dial – Wikipedia, Worn & Wound, WatchUSeek.

Limited Access and Distribution

Many of these watches were assigned to military personnel as part of their standard equipment. They were not available through commercial channels but were distributed directly by the armed forces to active service members, significantly contributing to the operational effectiveness of the Soviet armed forces Wikipedia on Soviet military watches.

Final Observations

The list and description of Soviet military watches presented in this article are not exhaustive, given the long duration of the Soviet Union and the extensive production of military watches. It is impossible to provide a complete list of every single military watch created during that period.

These watches not only represent an important chapter in military horological history but continue to be appreciated for their quality, robustness, and unique history.

History of Slava: The Second Moscow Watch Factory

Sovietaly™ Analisi e Opinioni, Orologi Russi, Orologi Sovietici 18 July 202418 July 20241950s watches, 1960s watches, anni '60, civilian watches., historic models, Moscow Watches, orologeria russa, Russian watchmaking, Second Factory, Slava awards, Slava collaborations, Slava history, Slava innovations, Slava movements, Slava privatization, Slava revival, Slava Transistor 0 Comment

The history of Slava, one of the most iconic brands in Russian watchmaking, begins with the foundation of the Second Moscow Watch Factory. This article explores the origins, development, challenges, and evolutions of this historic factory up to its current state.

Origins of the Second Moscow Watch Factory

Founded in 1924, the Second Moscow Watch Factory was one of the first non-military watch manufacturers in the Soviet Union. In 1929, the Soviet Union acquired two American watch factories, the Dueber-Hampden Watch Company and the Ansonia Clock Company, to start its own watchmaking industry (Wixsite) (Wixsite). Official watch production began in 1931, using the equipment purchased from the Ansonia Clock Company.

During World War II, the factory was evacuated to Chistopol and focused on producing military equipment. After the war, the factory returned to Moscow and resumed civilian watch production (Two Broke Watch Snobs) (Wikipedia).

The Birth of the Slava Brand

In the 1950s, the factory began producing watches under the brand name “Slava,” which means “glory” in Russian. This brand was distinguished for producing watches exclusively for civilian consumption, without military or aerospace pretensions (Wixsite) (Wikipedia).

Innovations and Awards

The Slava factory was innovative from its early years. In the 1960s, it introduced the “Slava Transistor,” a watch with an electronic movement that won a gold medal at the Leipzig Fair in 1964 (DuMarko) (Слава – Русские часы). Other significant awards include the gold medal at the Brno International Fair in 1974 and another gold medal at the Leipzig Fair in 1975 for models with a 24mm caliber (Слава – Русские часы).

Expansion and Collaborations

From 1955 to 1979, Slava exported up to 50% of its production to over 72 countries. It collaborated with other Soviet manufacturers like Raketa and Vostok to develop advanced movements (DuMarko) (Слава – Русские часы).

Challenges of Privatization

After the fall of the USSR, the Slava factory faced numerous difficulties. During the privatization of the 1990s, many movements were exported to China and Hong Kong to produce cheap counterfeits, damaging the brand’s reputation (Wikipedia) (Слава – Русские часы).

Revival and Current Situation

In 2005, the factory and the Slava brand were acquired by Globex Bank and later transferred to the city of Moscow. The production facilities near Belorusskaya metro station were demolished in 2008 to make way for a shopping center, while wristwatch production was maintained and integrated into the Slava Technopark (Wikipedia) (Слава – Русские часы).

Since 2016, Slava has been using movements produced by the Chistopol Watch Factory “Vostok” for its new models (Слава – Русские часы). Today, production continues with new models inspired by historic designs, such as “Slava Televisor,” “Era,” “Mir,” “Sadko,” “Ais,” and “Doctor,” using the original Slava 2427 movements (Слава – Русские часы).

Anecdotes and Trivia

An interesting fact is about the “Slava Transistor” model, which won a gold medal at the Leipzig Fair in 1964. This watch used an electronic movement that was innovative for its time, showcasing the factory’s technological advancement (DuMarko).

Another anecdote involves Slava’s appearance in the 2016 Bulgarian film “Glory” (original title “Slava”), where the protagonist’s Slava watch plays a key role in the plot (Wikipedia).

Conclusion

The history of Slava is a journey through the evolution of Russian watchmaking, from its roots in the Second Moscow Watch Factory to its current production of innovative models. Despite the challenges of privatization and counterfeiting, Slava continues to represent excellence in watchmaking.

For more information and updates on new Slava models, visit the official Slava website.

Sources:

History of Poljot: From the First Moscow Watch Factory to Volmax and Maktime

Sovietaly™ Analysis and Opinions, Soviet Watches, Transitional Watches 16 July 202416 July 2024Aviator, buran, calibre 2416, calibre 2609, calibre 2612, calibre 3133, calibro 2416, calibro 2612, calibro 3133, First Moscow Watch Factory, Maktime, mechanical movement, orologeria russa, orologi Pobeda, orologi sovietici, Pobeda watches, poljot, Prima Fabbrica di Orologi di Mosca, produzione di orologi, Russian watch tradition, Russian watchmaking, Sergei Kirov, Soviet watches, sputnik, Sturmanskie, tradizione orologiera russa, Volmax, watch production, Yuri Gagarin 0 Comment

The “history of Poljot” begins with the establishment of the First Moscow Watch Factory (Первый Государственный Часовой Завод) in 1930, a key event within the framework of the first Soviet Five-Year Plan. This plan, launched in 1928, aimed to develop heavy industry and modernise the Soviet economy, and the creation of a state-owned watch factory was a significant part of this effort. On December 21, 1927, the Council of Labour and Defence approved a resolution to organise watch production in the USSR, with the goal of producing watches that were comparable in quality and precision to those from Switzerland and the United States (Poljot Watch) (Moscow Watch).

Foundation and Early Years

The Birth within the Context of the Five-Year Plan

To achieve this goal, a group of Soviet engineers was sent to the United States to study production techniques. In 1929, the Soviet government purchased machinery and equipment from the Dueber-Hampden Watch Company in Canton, Ohio, and the Ansonia Clock Company in Brooklyn, New York. These machines were transported to Moscow, along with 23 American technicians, to initiate production (Caliber Corner) (KaminskyBlog).

Initial Production Years

Construction of the factory began in February 1930 and was completed by June of the same year. Official production started on October 1, 1930, with the first 50 pocket watches, known as Type-1 or К-43, based on the Hampden Size 16 calibre. Despite initial difficulties, including a shortage of skilled workers and frequent machinery breakdowns, production rapidly improved thanks to intensive worker training and the establishment of a repair workshop (Moscow Watch).

Expansion and Development

Dedication to Kirov and Production Growth

In 1935, the factory was renamed in honour of Sergei Kirov, a Bolshevik leader who had been assassinated. This event marked a period of expansion, with production reaching 450,000 pieces per year and the beginning of special watch production for cars and aeroplanes (Moscow Watch).

Evacuation during World War II

During World War II, the factory was evacuated to Zlatoust due to the advancing German forces. However, part of the equipment was brought back to Moscow in 1943, and the factory resumed production, focusing on wristwatches. This period also marked the beginning of the production of the renowned Pobeda watch (KaminskyBlog).

The Birth of the Poljot Brand

Name Change and New Models

In 1947, the factory was renamed the First Moscow Watch Factory and started producing the Pobeda wristwatch. In the 1950s, the factory became well-known for numerous innovative models, including the first Soviet automatic watches and special watches for Antarctic expeditions (Moscow Watch) (Poljot Watch).

Introduction of the Poljot Brand

In 1964, all previous brands were consolidated under the name Poljot, which means “flight” in Russian. Poljot quickly became the flagship brand of the Soviet watch industry, producing historical watches used in important space missions, including those worn by Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space (Poljot Watch).

Decline and Post-Soviet Transformation

Decline in the 1980s and 1990s

In the 1980s, the quality of Soviet watches began to decline due to economic stagnation and technological difficulties. After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the Poljot factory was privatised and transformed into a joint-stock company in 1992. However, financial and managerial difficulties continued to plague the company (KaminskyBlog).

Establishment of Volmax and Maktime

Volmax was founded in 2000 by a group of former Poljot employees. The company focused on producing high-quality watches using historical Poljot designs and movements. Brands such as Aviator, Buran, and Sturmanskie were revived under Volmax, keeping the Russian watchmaking tradition alive (Moscow Watch) (KaminskyBlog).

Maktime, founded in 1996, acquired machinery and equipment from Poljot, including those necessary to produce the famous calibre 3133. Maktime continued the production of this movement and introduced various exclusive watch models, including skeleton watches with precious metal cases and decorations with precious stones (Caliber Corner).

Key Brands of the First Moscow Watch Factory

Brand	Description
Poljot	Means “flight” in Russian; introduced in 1964, becoming the main brand for export and domestic markets.
Pobeda	Means “victory” in Russian; one of the first watches produced after World War II.
Sturmanskie	Worn by Yuri Gagarin on his first space flight; means “navigator”.
Kirovskie	Named in honour of Sergei Kirov; one of the first brands after the factory’s name change in 1935.
Mayak	Means “lighthouse” in Russian; one of the brands used in the 1950s and 1960s.
Moskva	Means “Moscow” in Russian; used in the 1950s.
Rodina	Means “motherland” in Russian; the first Soviet watch with an automatic winding function.
Sportivnie	Means “sporting” in Russian; watches with chronograph functions.
Signal	Mechanical watches with alarm functions; introduced in the late 1950s.
Sputnik	Commemorative of the launch of the first artificial satellite; introduced in 1957.
Antarktida	Special watches produced for Antarctic expeditions.
Kosmos	Means “cosmos” in Russian; commemorative space watches.
Orbita	Means “orbit” in Russian; one of the brands used for wristwatches.
Strela	Means “arrow” in Russian; worn by Alexei Leonov during the first spacewalk.
Vympel	A brand for high-precision watches.
Buran	Also used for more recent models.
Aviator	Mainly used for aviator watches.

Main Calibres Produced

Mechanical Calibres

Calibre 3133: Based on the Valjoux 7734, this is one of the most renowned chronograph movements.
Calibre 2612: Mechanical movement with an alarm function.
Calibre 2609: Used in Sturmanskie watches.

Quartz Calibres

Calibre 2416: Quartz movement used in various Poljot models in the 1980s and 1990s.
Calibre 2431: Another quartz movement produced in the later years of Poljot’s operations.

Conclusion

The “history of Poljot” is a journey through decades of technological and historical changes, consistently maintaining the high quality and craftsmanship of Russian watches. The legacy of Poljot continues to live on through the efforts of Volmax and Maktime.

Discover the Exclusive Raketa Aspol Watch: A Piece of Polar History

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Description and Features of the Raketa Aspol Watch

The Raketa Aspol watch is a rare and fascinating piece, created to celebrate polar explorations and honour the explorers associated with the Association of Polar Explorers (ASPOL). This watch stands out not only for its design but also for its historical and collectible value.

Technical Specifications

Movement: Calibre 2623H manual wind, known for its robustness and accuracy, with a 24-hour format.
Case: Made of chrome-plated brass, giving the watch a shiny and durable appearance.
Crystal: Plexiglass, lightweight and impact-resistant.
Dial: Available in two colour variants – blue and red. The red version is particularly rare and sought after by collectors.

The Commemorative Raketa Aspol Dial

The dial of the Raketa Aspol watch is rich with symbols and inscriptions celebrating polar heritage:

Central Globe: Represents the significance of polar explorations, with a polar bear at the centre, symbolising ASPOL.
Aspol Inscriptions: The association’s name is present in both Cyrillic (АСПОЛ) and Latin (ASPOL), emphasising the connection to polar explorations.
City Names: Lists various cities around the world, facilitating time reading across different time zones.

The Association of Polar Explorers (ASPOL)

Founded in 1990 during the All-Union Congress of Polar Explorers, the ASPOL aims to protect the interests of polar workers and indigenous peoples of the Far North. The association plays a crucial role in implementing Russia’s state policy in the Arctic and Antarctic.

ASPOL’s Mission and Activities

ASPOL is involved in various areas, including:

Environmental Sustainability: Promotes projects and policies for the environmental protection of polar regions.
Education and Culture: Organises events such as the International Forum “Arctic: Today and the Future” and celebrates “Polar Explorer Day” on May 21st, commemorating the first scientific expedition to the “North Pole-1” station.
International Collaboration: Facilitates cooperation between governmental entities, scientific institutions, and non-profit organisations for the sustainable development of polar regions.

Historical Facts and Soviet Legacy Related to the Raketa Aspol Watch

During the Soviet era, polar explorations were a scientific and strategic priority. Polar expeditions, like the “North Pole-1” station in 1937, collected crucial scientific data and contributed to the understanding of atmospheric processes in the Arctic.

Artur Chilingarov and ASPOL

Artur Chilingarov, president of ASPOL and special representative of the President of the Russian Federation for international cooperation in the Arctic and Antarctic, is a key figure in promoting polar explorations. Under his leadership, ASPOL continues to support scientific research and environmental protection in polar regions.

Conclusion

The Raketa Aspol watch is not just a piece of Soviet horological history but also a tribute to polar explorations and the men and women who dedicated their lives to these missions. Its rarity, especially the red dial variant, makes it a highly valuable item for collectors and history enthusiasts.

For more information about ASPOL and its activities, visit the official website: ASPOL.

Slava California Watch: An Iconic Timepiece of History and Innovation

Sovietaly™ Orologi Sovietici, Soviet Watches 10 July 202410 July 2024California dial, California dial history, chrome-plated brass case, collectible watches, counterfeit watches, half Roman half Arabic dial, mechanical movement, orologi sovietici, orologio vintage, Slava 2428, Slava California watch, Slava watch, Slava watch value, Soviet watches, vertical date display, Vintage Watch, Watch Collectors 0 Comment

Slava watches are renowned for their quality and reliability, and the Slava California watch is no exception. Produced by the Second Moscow Watch Factory, this watch stands out not only for its unique design but also for its historical and technical significance. In this article, we will explore the features of the Slava California watch, the Slava 2428 caliber, and the fascinating stories behind the famous “California” dial used by Rolex and Panerai.

Description of the Slava California Watch

Design and Case

The Slava California watch is easily recognizable by its distinctive dial, featuring a combination of Roman numerals on the upper half and Arabic numerals on the lower half. This unique design is complemented by:

Chrome-Plated Brass Case: The brass case with chrome plating gives the watch an elegant appearance, though it is less resistant to everyday wear. Over time, the chrome can deteriorate with daily use and contact with sweat.
Black Dial: The black background of the dial provides perfect contrast with the pink hour markers outlined in gray, enhancing readability.
Minute Markers: Gray, aligned along the railroad track surrounding the dial.
Polished Metal Hands: The hands, without luminous material, feature a hollow interior, while the second hand is distinguished by a red “lollipop.”
Date Display at 6 o’clock: The date display at 6 o’clock allows for vertical reading of the date and day, a practical and distinctive feature.

Technical Details of the Slava 2428 Caliber

The heart of the Slava California watch is the Slava 2428 caliber, a manual winding mechanical movement known for its reliability. Here are the technical specifications:

Dimensions: 13 lines (32.2 mm diameter).
Height: 4.85 mm.
Power Reserve: 47 hours.
Frequency: 18,000 vibrations per hour (vph).
Jewels: 17.
Complications:
- Sweeping Seconds.
- Day and Date.
Regulator Type: Pinned regulator (or index regulator).
Escapement Type: Swiss lever escapement.
Winding and Setting: Stem winding, stem setting.

The Story of the California Dial: Rolex and Panerai

The “California” dial has a fascinating history involving some of the most prestigious watch brands.

Origins of the California Dial

The term “California dial” originated in the 1980s when dial refinishing shops in Los Angeles, particularly on Melrose Avenue, began using the half Roman, half Arabic design to refinish vintage watch dials. This style quickly became popular among collectors of Rolex “Bubbleback” watches (Welcome to RolexMagazine.com) (Fratello Watches).

Rolex and Panerai

Rolex was one of the first to use the California dial in the 1930s and 1940s, particularly in models designed for Panerai, which supplied watches to the Italian Navy. These watches were known for their readability and robustness, essential features for underwater missions (Watch Swiss).

The Rolex California

The California dial of Rolex has become an icon among collectors. Initially used to improve readability in difficult conditions, it was later adopted by various vintage models. Today, the California dial is highly sought after and represents a piece of watchmaking history.

Beware of Counterfeits

Unfortunately, with the growing popularity of the Slava California watch, unscrupulous sellers have emerged, counterfeiting California dials for these watches. Fake dials can be found on various marketplaces, so it is important to be cautious and verify authenticity before making a purchase.

The Value of the Slava California Watch Among Collectors

The Slava California watch has become highly sought after among collectors. The combination of unique design, fascinating history, and technical reliability has increased its market value. Currently, a Slava California in excellent condition can fetch between 300 and 350 euros.

Conclusion

The Slava California watch is more than just a timepiece; it is a piece of watchmaking history. With its distinctive design and robust Slava 2428 caliber, it continues to captivate collectors worldwide. Whether you are a vintage watch enthusiast or a collector seeking unique pieces, the Slava California is an excellent choice.

The Raketa Yamal Watch: An Icon of Soviet Craftsmanship

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Introduction

In the late 1980s, during the Perestroika period, the Peterhof Watch Factory saw the emergence of several cooperatives, including the renowned “Peterhof Masters”. One of their most iconic creations is the Raketa watch commemorating the nuclear icebreaker “Yamal”. This article explores the distinctive features of this rare watch, highlighting its design and the historical context in which it was produced.

Description of the Raketa Yamal Watch

The Raketa Yamal watch boasts several distinctive elements:

Case: Made of gold-plated brass with a TiN-finished bezel, measuring approximately 36 mm in diameter.
Dial: The dial features a detailed print of the nuclear icebreaker Yamal. It is signed “P.M.” (Peterhof Masters). Within the image, the initials “A.L.M.” (Atomnyy Ledomkol Yamal) are part of the commemorative illustration. The blue lines at the top of the dial represent a stylized aurora borealis, a typical graphic element of polar watches. This design predates the addition of the famous shark mouth painted on the ship’s hull in the 1990s.
Hands: Black dagger-shaped hands, including the second hand.
Movement: Equipped with a mechanical 2614 movement from a Russian factory, with an unengraved bridge, marked “2614” and the “Angels” logo.
Case Back: Pressure-fitted steel case back without inscriptions.

The video presents a rare watch from the late 1980s called the Atomic Icebreaker Yamal, produced by the Peterhof Masters cooperative. The watch is distinguished by its dial printed with the image of the Yamal atomic icebreaker and the date at 6 o’clock, signed “П.М.” (Peterhof Masters) and “АЛМ” (Atomic Icebreaker Yamal). Classic baton hands for hours and minutes and a red seconds hand complete the design. The chrome-plated brass case with a smooth finish, the plexiglass crystal and the black leather strap give the watch an elegant and robust appearance. The snap-back case back hides a late-model Russian 2614 mechanical movement, with a flat mainspring, shock absorber under the anchor and balance wheel without a regulating screw. A rare and fascinating watch, which captures attention for its unique design and its history linked to the late 1980s and the Peterhof Masters cooperative. A true collector’s item for fans of vintage watches and Russian history.

The Peterhof Watch Factory Cooperatives

During Perestroika, the historic Peterhof Watch Factory, also known as Raketa, gave rise to three unique cooperatives: Renaissance, Prestige, and Peterhof Masters. These cooperatives represent a fascinating chapter in Soviet watch history, characterized by high quality and innovative designs.

Renaissance: Specialized in watches with semi-precious stone dials like jade, jasper, malachite, and nephrite.
Prestige: Known for its mirror dials with religious themes and images of churches.
Peterhof Masters: Focused on producing watches with printed dials on various themes, often decorated with high-quality naval and military images. The commemorative Yamal watch is one of their most iconic models.

The Yamal Icebreaker

The Yamal is one of the nuclear icebreakers of the Arktika class, built to operate in harsh Arctic conditions. Here are some of its main technical characteristics:

Nuclear Reactors: Equipped with two OK-900A nuclear reactors, each with a capacity of 171 MW, for a total thermal power of 342 MW.
Power: The maximum propulsion power is 75,000 horsepower (approximately 55.3 MW), distributed over three four-blade propellers, each 5.7 meters in diameter.
Dimensions: Length of 148 meters, width of 30 meters, draft of 11.08 meters, height from keel to masthead of 55 meters.
Displacement: 23,455 tons.
Speed: Maximum speed in open water of 22 knots (about 40 km/h) and the ability to break ice up to 2.3 meters thick at a speed of 3 knots (about 5.5 km/h).
Hull Structure: The outer hull is 48 mm thick in areas in contact with ice and 25 mm elsewhere, with a polymer coating to reduce friction. It uses an air and hot water bubble system to facilitate icebreaking.

The Yamal is known for its ability to navigate through thick Arctic ice, thanks to its powerful nuclear reactors and advanced icebreaking technologies. It has played a significant role in creating annual travel expeditions to the North Pole, being one of the few ships capable of reaching this destination and safely transporting tourists (CruiseMapper) (Wikipedia).

Tourist Cruises

The Yamal offers tourist cruises to the North Pole, a unique experience for adventurers. These cruises typically depart from Murmansk, Russia, and prices for a 14-day cruise can be around $30,000 per person. The cruises include various activities such as helicopter tours, Zodiac excursions, and photography programs (Poseidon Expeditions) (Cruise Critic).

Conclusion

The Raketa Yamal watch by the Peterhof Masters cooperative is a rare and valuable piece for collectors and watch enthusiasts. It represents not only the excellence of Soviet craftsmanship but also an era of change and innovation. For more details and an in-depth look at the watch, you can consult Dmitry Brodnikovskiy’s video available on YouTube, which provides a detailed analysis of this unique model.

Sources

The Untold Story of Raheta Watch: A Unique Piece of Russian Horological History

Sovietaly™ Orologi Russi 8 July 20248 July 20241990s Russian Watches, Distinction between Raheta and Raketa, History of Raheta Watches, Orologiko Forum Raheta, Petrodworzowy Watch Factory, Post-Soviet Era Watches, Post-Soviet Watch History, Raheta Timepiece, Raheta Watch, Raheta Watch Collecting, Russian Horology Raheta, Russian Watch Industry, Vintage Russian Watches, Z2009B Watches, Zaria Movements 0 Comment

Origins of Raheta Watch

The Raheta watch brand emerged during the early 1990s, a period of significant economic and industrial transition in Russia following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Unlike the well-documented Raketa brand, Raheta watches were produced under conditions that required ingenuity and resourcefulness.

Distinction from Raketa

It is crucial to note that Raheta is not a misspelling of Raketa. Raheta watches were likely created by entrepreneurs who saw an opportunity to leverage the existing fame of Raketa while introducing a slightly altered brand to navigate the economic uncertainties of the time.

Production and Components

Raheta watches were primarily assembled using movements from the Zaria (Sarja) factory, specifically the Z2009B caliber with 21 jewels. These movements were known for their reliability and were often used in small ladies’ watches. The components used in Raheta watches were sourced from leftover stocks and various parts available during the post-Soviet industrial upheaval.

Market Strategy

Raheta watches were marketed towards tourists and collectors looking for unique timepieces from Russia. The brand played on the familiarity and reputation of Raketa while offering products at a more accessible price point, making them attractive souvenirs and collectibles.

Theories and Oral Histories

According to discussions on forums like Orologiko, the production of Raheta watches was driven by the need to monetize available resources and meet market demands during a period of economic hardship. The use of similar logos and brand names helped create an association with the trusted Raketa brand, although Raheta watches were distinct in their assembly and market positioning.

Conclusion

Raheta watches represent a fascinating period in Russian watchmaking history. They are a testament to the resilience and creativity of the industry during challenging times. For collectors and enthusiasts, Raheta watches offer a unique glimpse into the post-Soviet era and the adaptability of Russian horologists.

References

SLAVA M.R.N.D. SUGIRA MU RWANDA: A Propaganda Watch and Its History

Sovietaly™ Orologi Russi, Orologi Sovietici 8 July 20248 July 2024Mouvement Révolutionnaire National pour le Développement, MRND, political propaganda, propaganda watch, Rwanda flags, Rwanda genocide, Rwanda history, Slava 2356, SLAVA M.R.N.D. SUGIRA MU RWANDA, Soviet quartz movement 0 Comment

Introduction

The SLAVA watch with the inscription “M.R.N.D. SUGIRA MU RWANDA” is a historical artifact that offers a glimpse into political propaganda in Rwanda before the 1994 genocide. This article explores the details of this watch, the meaning of its inscriptions and flags, and the historical context in which it was used.

Description of the Watch

The watch features a dial with two colorful flags and the inscription “M.R.N.D. SUGIRA MU RWANDA.” It is powered by a Soviet-made Slava 2356 quartz movement, known for its affordability and reliability. The “Made in USSR” mark indicates that the watch was produced before the end of 1991, the year the Soviet Union dissolved.

The Flags

Left Flag (with the letter “R”):
- Colors: Red, yellow, and green.
- Symbol: The letter “R” in yellow.
- Meaning: This flag was the national flag of Rwanda used from 1962 to 2001. These colors are common in Pan-African movements and symbolize national identity and Hutu nationalism. The “R” stands for “Rwanda” (Wikiwand).
Right Flag (MRND):
- Colors: Red, black, and green.
- Symbol: A sickle with a long handle and a hoe.
- Meaning: This flag represents the MRND party (Mouvement Révolutionnaire National pour le Développement). The agricultural tools symbolize labor and are consistent with the party’s focus on agricultural and national development (Wikiwand) (Wikiwand).

The Inscription “M.R.N.D. SUGIRA MU RWANDA”

The inscription on the dial, “M.R.N.D. SUGIRA MU RWANDA,” is in Kinyarwanda. Here is a detailed explanation:

M.R.N.D: Abbreviation for “Mouvement Révolutionnaire National pour le Développement”.
SUGIRA: In Kinyarwanda, it means “prosper” or “flourish”.
MU RWANDA: Means “in Rwanda”.

The complete phrase can be translated as “The MRND prospers in Rwanda.” This slogan represents the party’s propaganda, emphasizing its dominance and influence in the country.

Propaganda Use of the Watch

The watch served as a propaganda tool for the MRND. Distributed to supporters and party members, it symbolized the MRND’s authority and pervasive presence in the daily lives of Rwandans. The “Made in USSR” mark suggests that the watch was produced before the end of 1991, probably because the Soviet Union was one of the few countries capable of mass-producing affordable watches at that time (NSUWorks) (Human Rights Watch).

The 1994 Genocide: A Detached Overview

The Rwandan genocide of 1994 was one of the most tragic events in recent history. In about 100 days, from April to July 1994, between 500,000 and 1,000,000 people were massacred, predominantly Tutsis, but also moderate Hutus.

Causes and Context

Ethnic tensions between Hutus and Tutsis had been present for decades, exacerbated by Belgian colonial policies. After independence in 1962, these tensions intensified, culminating in the assassination of Hutu President Juvénal Habyarimana on April 6, 1994, which triggered the genocidal violence (Wikis at NYU).

Course of the Genocide

Immediately after Habyarimana’s assassination, Hutu militias, including the Interahamwe, began systematically killing Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The violence quickly spread from Kigali to the rest of the country, with atrocities committed in schools, churches, and private homes (Human Rights Watch) (Wikis at NYU).

International Response

The international community was criticized for its inaction. UN peacekeeping forces were reduced after the killing of 10 Belgian soldiers, leaving the field open to the genocidaires. It was not until mid-May 1994 that the UN authorized the deployment of additional troops, but it was too late (Human Rights Watch) (Wikis at NYU).

Aftermath and Recovery

The genocide ended with the victory of the Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). The new government promoted reconciliation and adopted a new constitution that eliminated ethnic references, striving to rebuild a devastated country (Wikis at NYU).

Conclusion

The MRND watch, with its flags and slogans, represents a tangible symbol of a dark period in Rwanda’s history. It serves as a reminder of the propaganda used by the MRND to consolidate its power and the horrific genocide that followed. As Rwanda continues to heal and rebuild, these objects remind us of the importance of vigilance against ethnic hatred and violence.

Sources

Raketa 3031: The Sovereign Watch of Soviet Technology

Sovietaly™ Orologi Russi 8 July 20248 July 20241970s Watch, Automatic Watch, collezionismo orologi, Manual Winding, Mechanical Alarm, orologio sovietico, orologio vintage, Petrodvorets Watch Factory, Raketa 3031, Rare Watch, Silver Dial, Soviet watch, Soviet watchmaking, Vintage Watch, watch collecting, Watch Collectors, Waterproof Watch 0 Comment

The Raketa 3031 is considered one of the most complex and fascinating watches ever produced by the Soviet watch industry. This article delves into the technical characteristics, history, and rarity of this unique model, providing a comprehensive overview for collectors and vintage watch enthusiasts.

History and Production

The Raketa 3031 was produced by the Petrodvorets Watch Factory, one of the oldest watch factories in Russia. The model was introduced in the 1970s and 1980s, with two main production batches:

First Batch (1974): 200 units
Second Batch: 1,000 units

Technical Characteristics of the Raketa 3031

Movement:
- Caliber: 30 mm
- Qualification: 3031 (indicates the presence of a calendar and shock protection)
- Mechanism: Manual winding mechanism with 17 jewels
- Differences from subsequent movements:
  - Rotor positioned on the right side of the movement
  - Calendar star is straight
  - Calendar disk has a slight “jump” before setting
Construction:
- Case: Stainless steel
- Crystal: Slightly domed
- Case Back: Screwed
- Crown: Offset
- Alarm Bezel: Red with a pointer for setting the time
- Water Resistance: Supports water pressure up to 20 atmospheres
Functionality:
- Alarm Setting: The winding crown is pulled out and turned counterclockwise to set the alarm time.
- Alarm Sound: A buzzer sounds at the set time.
Variants:
- Lug Design: Some variants feature integrated lugs, while others have separate, more pronounced lugs.
- Second Hand: Some versions have a red second hand, others silver.
- Date Window Frame: The golden frame can have different background colors (black or white).

Variants of the Raketa 3031

Variant 1

Dial: Silver with black rounded indices and silver hands.
Case: Rounded shape with integrated lugs.
Date and Day: Day indicated in Cyrillic and date with a golden frame and black background.

Variant 2

Dial: Silver with black rounded indices and silver hands. Red second hand.
Case: Rounded shape with separate, more pronounced lugs.
Date and Day: Day indicated in Cyrillic and date with a golden frame and white background.

Analysis of the Internal Movement

The photo of the Raketa 3031’s internal movement reveals a well-finished and decorated mechanism. The rotor of the automatic movement features particular decoration, highlighting the attention to detail typical of this model. This confirms the complexity and precision of the Raketa 3031, making it the most complicated Soviet watch ever produced.

Brochure Translation for Raketa 3031/303318

Description of Model 3031/303318

Model 3031/303318 — stainless steel case, waterproof — supports water pressure up to 20 atmospheres. The dial is silver, with a ray design, and a calendar window. The indices are in relief, silver-colored with black tips, filled with luminous material. The calendar frame is superimposed, silver-colored. The inscriptions are printed in black. Around the dial is a signal device ring, which also serves to measure underwater time. The hands are nickel-plated, with luminous material.

Rarity and Collecting

The Raketa 3031 is extremely rare and highly sought after by collectors. The current value of this watch ranges from €5,000 to €10,000. Its technical complexity and limited production contribute to its high market value.

Conclusion

The Raketa 3031 is an excellent example of Soviet watchmaking engineering. Its unique features, limited production, and distinctive design make it one of the most complex and appreciated watches among collectors worldwide. If you are a watch enthusiast, the Raketa 3031 is definitely a piece to add to your collection.

Reference Videos

For more details and an in-depth look at the features of this extraordinary watch, here are some useful videos:

Video by Dmitry Brodnikovskiy: “Самые дорогие часы СССР-легендарная Ракета 3031” Watch on YouTube
Other Informative Videos:

Cosmonaut Training Center: Gagarin and Leonov on the Watch Dial

Sovietaly™ Orologi Russi 29 June 202429 June 2024calibro al quarzo, Centro Addestramento Cosmonauti, Cosmonaut Training Center, esplorazione spaziale, Gagarin, Leonov, luch, orologeria russa, orologi sovietici, quartz caliber, Russian horology, Soviet watches, space exploration 0 Comment

Watch Description

The watch celebrating the Cosmonaut Training Center is a significant tribute to this fundamental institution for Soviet space exploration. The watch case is made of anodized brass, and the Luch brand is known for producing high-quality watches in Russian horology. The dial features an image that is believed to represent Alexei Leonov during his historic spacewalk. Other symbols include the inscription “Центр Подготовки Космонавтов” (Cosmonaut Training Center) and “Имени Ю. А. Гагарина” (Named after Yu. A. Gagarin).

The Cosmonaut Training Center

The Cosmonaut Training Center, named after Yuri Gagarin after his death in 1968, was founded in the early 1960s in Star City, near Moscow. This center has been the hub of preparation for Soviet and Russian astronauts. From the beginning, it has seen iconic figures like Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space, and Alexei Leonov, the first to conduct a spacewalk.

The center was designed to provide comprehensive training to cosmonauts, including flight simulations, microgravity exercises, and intensive physical training. The center’s facilities include centrifuges to simulate gravitational forces during takeoff and landing, pools for extravehicular activity training, and spacecraft simulators.

The Cosmonaut Training Center played a crucial role during the space race, preparing cosmonauts for critical missions such as those of the Vostok, Voskhod, and Soyuz spacecraft. It has significantly contributed to the success of the Soviet space program and continues to be a pillar of Russian space training. For more information, visit RussianSpaceWeb.

Yuri Gagarin’s Achievement

Yuri Gagarin, the first man to orbit the Earth on April 12, 1961, made the Cosmonaut Training Center famous worldwide. Gagarin became a global symbol of courage and innovation, paving the way for future space missions and representing the pinnacle of technology and human aspiration. For more details, visit Wikipedia on Yuri Gagarin.

Alexei Leonov and the First Spacewalk

On March 18, 1965, Alexei Leonov conducted the first spacewalk, marking a milestone in space exploration. During the Voskhod 2 mission, Leonov exited the spacecraft for 12 minutes, facing the vacuum of space. His determination and courage are celebrated through the image on the watch dial. Leonov demonstrated that humans could operate outside the confines of the spacecraft. For detailed information on Leonov’s spacewalk, visit Space.com.

Luch Brand

Luch is a historic brand of Soviet horology, known for producing high-quality watches since 1953. The factory, located in Minsk, Belarus, maintained significant production throughout the Soviet era and continues to operate today, producing watches appreciated both nationally and internationally. For the full history of the Luch brand, visit Luch.by.

The Luch 2356 Caliber

The Luch 2356 caliber is a quartz movement known for its reliability and precision. This caliber has been used in various Russian watches, such as Chaika, Luch, Slava, Uglich, and Raketa. The Luch 2356 caliber uses a 371 battery, making it easy to maintain.

Dmitry Brodnikovskiy – The Unique Rare Raketa-Big Zero Jade Stone Watches from the USSR

Sovietaly™ Orologi Russi 29 June 202415 March 20251980s watches, artigianato sovietico, big zero, collectible watches, Dmitry Brodnikovskiy, jade watches, orologi anni '80, orologi in giada, orologi sovietici, Petrodvorets., quadranti in pietra, raketa, Soviet craftsmanship, Soviet watches, stone dials, tradizione orologiera, watchmaking tradition 0 Comment

Дмитрий Бродниковский-уникальные каменные часы Ракета-Big Zero Зеро из нефрита СССР ПЧЗ

In the video titled “Дмитрий Бродниковский-уникальные каменные часы Ракета-Big Zero Зеро из нефрита СССР ПЧЗ” (translation: “Dmitry Brodnikovskiy – Unique Rare Raketa-Big Zero Zero Jade Stone Watches USSR PChZ”), Dmitry Brodnikovskiy guides us through the discovery of a particularly rare watch: the Raketa Big Zero with jade dials, produced in the late 1980s.

Key Features

Dial: Made of natural jade with a thickness of 0.5 mm, each dial boasts a unique and unrepeatable texture. Available colors include yellow and classic chrome.

Case: Brass with chrome plating for classic models or titanium nitride for yellow ones, with a diameter of 38 mm, typical for the Big Zero series.

Movement: Raketa caliber 2609, featuring a high triple minute and a high hour wheel to accommodate the thickness of the dial.

Hands: Nickel-plated for chrome models and identical to those of the classic Zero model with a white dial for yellow ones.

Limited Edition: These watches were produced in limited quantities, not available for general sale, and were made to order, mainly for the Italian market.

Variants: In addition to jade dials, the Big Zero model was produced with perestroika-themed dials and with the quality mark.

Details on Titanium Nitride Case Models

Models with titanium nitride cases stand out for some peculiar features:

Dial: Yellow with black numbers, indexes, scale, and hands.
Hands: Identical to those of the classic Zero model with a white dial.

Raketa Watch Factory

Located in the city of Petrodvorets near St. Petersburg, the Raketa watch factory has written an important page in Soviet watchmaking history. Initially a supplier for the army, Raketa soon distinguished itself for its ability to combine tradition and innovation, creating not only functional timepieces but also design masterpieces. Among its most iconic creations are watches with stone dials, authentic handcrafted jewels that represent an invaluable cultural heritage.

A Laboratory of Experimentation and Beauty

The genesis of Raketa’s stone dials dates back to the first workshop of the Petrodvorets watch factory. Here, skilled craftsmen engaged in meticulous research for alternative materials for watch dials, experimenting with various natural stones. The goal was to create timepieces that were not only durable and functional but also aesthetically unique and capable of telling the story and beauty of the earth.

Unparalleled Aesthetics: The Charm of Stone

Among Raketa’s stone dial models, one in particular captures attention for its extraordinary beauty. The presenter of the video describes it as the most beautiful in the collection, enchanted by the saturation of colors and the unique and unrepeatable texture of the stone. Each dial, in fact, represents a unique piece, the result of meticulous craftsmanship and the unpredictability of nature itself. The stone, with its veins and inclusions, becomes the absolute protagonist, giving the watch an unmistakable identity and timeless charm.

A Heritage of Tradition and Reliability

In addition to their unparalleled aesthetic value, Raketa stone dial watches also boast solid and reliable construction. All models in the collection feature organic glass, chrome cases, stainless steel case backs, and the robust Raketa caliber 2609 mechanical movement. These elements ensure not only refined aesthetics but also longevity, making them precious objects to be carefully preserved even today.

A Piece of History to Be Passed Down

Today, Raketa stone dial watches are considered rare collectible items, sought after by enthusiasts and lovers of Soviet craftsmanship. They represent a tangible testimony of an era when ingenuity and creativity came together to create objects that were not only functional but also true works of art. Their timeless beauty and fascinating history make them true treasures to be passed down from generation to generation.

A Legacy That Lives On Today

Raketa’s legacy lives on today in the spirit of innovation and research that animates the brand. It continues to produce high-quality watches, appreciated for their unique design and high performance. However, stone dial watches remain a standalone chapter in the factory’s history, an indelible symbol of the ingenuity and craftsmanship that have made Raketa a legendary name in the world of watchmaking.

Are Soviet Clocks Only Wristwatches? Absolutely Not!

Sovietaly™ Orologi Russi 28 June 202414 March 2025alarm clock, Boctok, cccp clock, clock, cucù, desk clock, Druzhba, jantar, koo koo, old_clock_ussr, orologio da parete, orologio da tavolo, Oryol Watch Factory, Rostov, russian clock, samara, slava, soviet clock, vesna, vostok, ОЧЗ 0 Comment

Soviet clock production is not limited to wristwatches but includes a vast range of table clocks, wall clocks, cuckoo clocks, and alarm clocks. These clocks often feature unique designs and are surprisingly delicate and graceful. Although I am not an expert, I want to share a fascinating personal experience that greatly increased my appreciation for these timepieces.

Historical Context

In post-war Europe and the Soviet Union, mechanical alarm clocks and wall clocks were essential household items, unlike today’s more luxury-oriented perspective. Reliable mechanical clocks, whether on the wall or bedside, were crucial for regulating daily life in a community. Wristwatches were often scarce and expensive, especially in remote, less industrialized regions. The planned economy of the Soviet Union recognized and industrialized this need.

My Personal Experience

This interest stemmed from a random encounter on social media. Recently, while exploring my Instagram feed, I came across images of a beautiful table clock under repair, which immediately caught my attention. Amidst a sea of Russian wristwatches, these large mechanisms stood out, captivating me.

I discovered the Instagram account old_clock_ussr, which belongs to a passionate individual named Roman. His love for restoring these vintage clocks is evident, and his profile is worth exploring for anyone interested.

Who is old_clock_ussr?

I can tell you a bit about myself and how my hobby started.
It all began in my early childhood; probably somewhere in my subconscious, I remembered how my father was engaged in repairing clocks. I lived and still live in the city of Samara (Kuibyshev); in this city was one of the largest watch factories, ZIM, where my father worked.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, all industries began to be looted and closed; it was painful to see how once great people and the country began to sink into poverty and injustice. Well, but let’s not talk about that here. Years passed, I grew up, became the head of a family, and my wife and I had a son. He is now 3 years old. During this time, I studied civil engineering and rose to the position of manager.
Just last year, on August 25, while walking through the flea market with my family early on a Saturday morning, I saw a clock on an old man’s stall lying in a pile of junk. It was magnificent; the condition was excellent, and the 1970s design struck me immediately. I took this desk clock and was pleasantly surprised that it worked not with a battery but with the help of mechanics.
Two months later, I unfortunately had a heart attack. I was in intensive care and thought about how lucky I was to be alive and that I would soon be with my family: my son, my wife, and my parents. During the time spent in the hospital, I really missed my hobby.
Before my illness, I only had three clocks in my collection. But in just a few months, precisely three, it grew to 30 pieces. I love my hobby, and my family supports me in everything. I buy clocks that need repairs, abandoned, broken, I bring them home and give them a second life. I really hope that my son will be interested in this when he grows up, because some of these clocks will be 100 years old and more?!!!

For more on Soviet clocks and Roman’s restorations, visit his Instagram profile

Types of Soviet Clocks

Soviet clocks come in various forms, making it challenging to categorize them all. However, they can be grouped into several main categories:

Table clocks
Wall clocks
Pendulum clocks
Bedside alarms
Travel alarms
Street clocks
Clocks for municipalities and bell towers

Many Soviet factories had dedicated departments for designing and manufacturing these clocks. Notable brands include Slava, Jantar, Vesna, Druzhba, Oryol Watch Factory, Rostov, and Vostok. Some desk clocks even utilized wristwatch movements from brands like Raketa and Zim.

Clock Movements

The movements of these clocks differ significantly from wristwatch calibers, being larger and simpler due to their size. This allows for greater precision and features like hourly chimes or musical alarms, adding to their charm.

Conclusion

While my collection of Soviet table clocks and alarms is modest compared to Roman’s, I treasure the few pieces I have. Finding these clocks in Italy is challenging due to their size and weight, but I hope to expand my collection in the future.