Author: Sovietaly™

Russian Military Watches: History, Models, and Collecting

Sovietaly™ Analisi e Opinioni, Orologi Sovietici 0 Comment
Russian Military Watches: History, Models, and Collecting

Russian military watches represent a fascinating chapter in horology, blending technical innovation, functional design, and a deep connection to significant historical events. These timepieces have not only accompanied military personnel and specialists on crucial missions but have also become cult objects for collectors and enthusiasts worldwide.

The Origins of Russian Military Watchmaking

The Russian watch industry has deep roots dating back to the 1930s when the Soviet Union initiated domestic production to reduce reliance on foreign imports. In 1930, the First Moscow Watch Factory began manufacturing timepieces for both civilian and military use. This initiative marked the beginning of a horological tradition that would have a significant impact in the decades to follow.

Iconic Models and Their Historical Role

Sturmanskie Type 1 and Type 2

Sturmanskie watches were developed for Soviet military aviation and issued to pilots upon graduation. The Type 1, produced by the First Moscow Watch Factory in the 1950s, was one of the first timepieces designed for military aviation use. The subsequent Type 2, introduced in the 1960s, featured structural improvements and enhanced accuracy. This model is also believed to have been the watch worn by Yuri Gagarin during his historic space flight in 1961.

soviet watch Sturmanskie Type 1
Sturmanskie Type 1
soviet watch Sturmanskie Type 2
Sturmanskie Type 2

Sturmanskie Chronograph for Pilots

Alongside standard models, the Soviet Union developed a Sturmanskie chronograph, issued to pilots upon obtaining their licence. This watch featured a chronograph function, essential for navigation calculations and precise measurements during flight missions.

sovien chronograph watch Sturmanskie Air Force
Sturmanskie Air Force

Zlatoust 191-ChS: The Deep-Diving Giant

One of the most remarkable Russian military watches is the Zlatoust 191-ChS, an extraordinarily large diving watch designed for Soviet naval divers. With a case diameter of approximately 60mm and a highly legible dial, this model has become legendary for its durability and reliability in extreme conditions.

soviet Zlatoust diver
Zlatoust Diver

Vostok “Ratnik” with Left-Side Crown

The Vostok Ratnik is an automatic watch developed as part of the advanced “Ratnik” military modernisation programme. The Ratnik project (“Ратник” in Russian, meaning “Warrior”) is a modular system introduced to enhance the efficiency and protection of Russian soldiers, incorporating body armour, visors, weapons, and advanced communication devices. Although the Vostok Ratnik was intended to be part of the standard military gear, it was never officially adopted, remaining an interesting piece for collectors.

Featuring a left-side crown, an automatic Vostok 2416 movement, and water resistance up to 200 metres, this model is particularly sought after for its connection to Russia’s military modernisation efforts.

russian watch Vostok Ratnik 6Э4-2
Vostok Ratnik 6Э4-2
russian watch Vostok Ratnik 6Э4-1
Vostok Ratnik 6Э4-1

Zakaz Watches and Voentorg Shops

In addition to officially issued watches, there are Zakaz models, specially ordered by the Ministry of Defence and sold in Voentorg military shops.

Voentorg (Военторг, an abbreviation of “Военная торговля,” meaning “Military Trade”) were exclusive stores reserved for Soviet military personnel, accessible only with a special permit. These shops sold uniforms, tactical equipment, field tools, and, of course, watches commissioned specifically for the Ministry of Defence.

Zakaz watches sold in Voentorg shops often featured special engravings, military unit insignia, and more advanced specifications compared to their civilian counterparts. Since they were available only to authorised personnel and not the general public, these timepieces are now particularly rare and highly valued by collectors.

Watches of the Red Army

Although many Soviet watches were not officially military-issued, some models were heavily inspired by the Red Army aesthetic. Among the most notable are the Vostok Komandirskie and Amphibia, originally produced for military personnel but later made available to the public. Featuring dials with military symbols and robust construction, these models remain highly appreciated among collectors.

soviet watch Vostok Komandirskie Submarine
Vostok Komandirskie Submarine
soviet watch Vostok Komandirskie Tank
Vostok Komandirskie Tank
soviet watch Vostok Komandirskie
Vostok Komandirskie

Where to Find Russian Military Watches

Those interested in Russian military watches can explore specialist websites and platforms dedicated to horology. russianwatches.it is a great resource: while it is an e-commerce site, military or military-style watches occasionally become available, making it worth checking for potential acquisitions.

Conclusion

Russian military watches are a combination of history, engineering, and design. Whether you are an experienced collector or a newcomer, exploring this sector of horology offers the opportunity to own not just a timepiece but a piece of history rich in meaning and fascination.

Raketa Big Zero: The Story Behind One of the Most Iconic Watches

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raketa-big.zero-newspaper

The Raketa Big Zero is an iconic watch produced by the Petrodvorets Watch Factory, Russia’s oldest watch manufacturer. Known for its unique and symbolic design, this model has sparked numerous speculations about its origin over the years. However, a Facebook post from July 20, 2021, by Александр Бродниковский, one of the most prominent Raketa watch collectors, finally sheds light on the true story behind its dial.

Raketa Big Zero

The Facebook Post

Часы «Ракета»-“нулевик” (“большой ноль”, “зеро”) Петродворцового Часового Завода на базовом калибре «Плоская Россия» 2609.НА в 51-м корпусе появились в 1984-1985 годах. По заказу Всесоюзного Общества Слепых (ВОС) для людей с ослабленным зрением был разработан дизайн часов с белым циферблатом, большими контрастными знаками и широкими стрелками.

К 1986-му году выпуск данной модели намечалось прекратить, поскольку для ВОС часов было выпущено достаточно, а обычным гражданам они были ни к чему. Началась перестройка. На Петродворцовый Часовой Завод приехали итальянские предприниматели. Часы с «обнулением» привели их в восторг. «Да ведь это же символ Перестройки! Горбачев начинает всё с нуля!», воскликнули итальянцы и сделали для себя огромный заказ, спрос на всё «перестроечное» на Западе тогда был весьма велик.

С этого момента на ПЧЗ начался выпуск всевозможных внешних оформлений «нулевика»: на тему перестройки (с изображениями советской символики), карманные, в классических корпусах, с чёрными циферблатами и даже с голографической пленкой на циферблате.

The Birth of the Raketa Big Zero

According to Александр Бродниковский (Alexander Brodnikovsky), the Raketa Big Zero, also known as “нулевик” or “большой ноль” in Russian, was introduced between 1984 and 1985. The model was developed upon request by the All-Soviet Society of the Blind (ВОС) to meet the needs of visually impaired individuals. As a result, the watch featured a white dial with large, high-contrast numbers and wide hands to enhance readability.

The Evolution of the Raketa Big Zero and its Encounter with the West

In 1986, after fulfilling the VOS’s requirements, the production of the Raketa Big Zero seemed destined to end. However, the arrival of several Italian entrepreneurs changed the course of history. They were captivated by the design of the watch, interpreting the large zero as a symbol of Perestroika, the reform period led by Gorbachev. Enthusiastically, they exclaimed, “This is the symbol of Perestroika! Gorbachev is starting everything from zero!” This interpretation led to a significant order, reigniting production.

This Western interest spurred the creation of new versions of the Raketa Big Zero, including various designs—some with Soviet symbols, pocket versions, black dials, and even holographic film-covered dials. The Raketa Big Zero became a symbol of transition, appreciated not only in its homeland but also abroad during one of the Soviet Union’s most turbulent periods.

russian holographic watch Raketa
Holographic Raketa

The All-Soviet Society of the Blind (ВОС): A Social Pillar in the USSR

The Всесоюзное Общество Слепых (ВОС), known as the All-Soviet Society of the Blind, was founded in 1925 with the goal of improving the lives of blind individuals in the Soviet Union. This organization provided educational, employment, and social support, offering blind individuals tools and opportunities to integrate into the country’s economic and cultural life.

During the 1980s, VOS reached the peak of its influence, operating numerous factories where visually impaired individuals could work in protected environments. Products made under the VOS’s guidance included mechanical components, textiles, handicrafts, and even watches like the Raketa Big Zero, specifically designed for those with visual impairments. The watch, with its white dial, large, contrasting numbers, and wide hands, exemplified the VOS’s collaboration with Soviet industry to improve the quality of life for the visually impaired.

The VOS, during the Soviet period, was not only focused on providing jobs but also on supporting cultural and sporting initiatives. By the 1980s, the organization had over 150,000 members and managed schools, factories, and social centers for the blind, becoming a major pillar of Soviet welfare for the disabled.

This collaboration between the VOS and the Petrodvorets Watch Factory (ПЧЗ) led to the creation of a project initially intended to serve the visually impaired but which later gained broader significance during the Perestroika era.

Conclusion

Today, the Raketa Big Zero remains a beloved timepiece among collectors for its iconic design and unique history. Thanks to Александр Бродниковский (Alexander Brodnikovsky), we can now appreciate this watch not just as a mere timekeeper but as a symbol of an era of radical change.

CCCP Sputnik 1 – A Watch That Celebrates the Space Age

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CCCP-watch

Introduction

The CCCP Sputnik 1 is more than just a watch: it is a tribute to the first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. This timepiece captures the spirit of an era filled with discoveries and technological advancements, symbolizing the history of space exploration.

Design Inspired by the First Satellite

The design of the CCCP Sputnik 1 directly reflects the iconic Sputnik 1 satellite. The watch features a dial that prominently displays the historic date of October 4, 1957, celebrating a pivotal moment in history. The dial is meticulously crafted, with elements that evoke the four antennas of the Sputnik 1, giving it a distinctive and captivating appearance.

Technical Specifications of the CCCP Sputnik 1

Beneath its vintage exterior, the CCCP Sputnik 1 houses a robust mechanical movement. It is powered by the Slava 2427 caliber, an automatic movement produced during the Soviet era. This movement has a 24 mm diameter and contains 26 or 27 jewels, providing a power reserve of approximately 40 hours. It also features two barrels for enhanced durability and precision, as well as shock protection.

The movement supports three central hands for hours, minutes, and seconds, and includes a day/date function positioned at 3:00. A quick date adjustment is made possible via a dedicated pusher at 2:00, making this watch both functional and visually appealing.

The CCCP and Slava Brands

The CCCP brand draws inspiration from the Soviet era of Russian history, a period marked by significant technological and scientific progress. The name CCCP is derived from the Cyrillic acronym for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Союз Советских Социалистических Республик, transliterated as Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik.

Slava, one of Russia’s most historic watch brands, has a storied past that dates back to the Second Moscow Watch Factory. Today, however, the brand is owned by Citychamp Watch & Jewellery Group Ltd., a Chinese holding company that acquired Slava as part of its global expansion strategy. Citychamp also owns prestigious brands such as Corum and Eterna, blending European and Soviet watchmaking traditions with modern Chinese manufacturing capabilities.

Citychamp is renowned for preserving the historical identity of the brands it acquires, continuing to produce watches that are not only functional but also collectible. For more information on CCCP and Slava watches, visit their official website www.cccptime.com.

Why Choose the CCCP Sputnik 1?

Owning a CCCP Sputnik 1 means having a timepiece that not only commemorates a significant moment in human history but also represents a fine example of Russian watchmaking craftsmanship. It is ideal for watch enthusiasts who value both historical significance and technical excellence.

Conclusion

The CCCP Sputnik 1 is more than just a watch: it is a tribute to an extraordinary historical event. With its design inspired by the first artificial satellite and the Slava 2427 automatic movement, this watch is poised to become a collectible piece for all horology and space history enthusiasts.

How to Remove Scratches from the Plexiglass of Your Watch: Complete Guide

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scratched-watch

If you have a watch with a scratched plexiglass face, don’t worry. With a few tools and a bit of patience, you can restore the glass to its original splendour. In this guide, I’ll explain step by step how to remove scratches from the plexiglass of your watch, whether it’s a robust Vostok Amphibia or a delicate Slava. By following these tips, your watch will look as good as new.

Step 1: Preparing the Glass

Before you start working, it’s important to consider the shape of the glass. If the glass protrudes from the case, you can proceed directly with sanding. However, if it is flush with the case, it’s advisable to protect the edges with masking tape. If the watch has a rotating bezel, remove it to make the job easier and avoid damage.

Step 2: Choosing the Sandpaper

To remove scratches from plexiglass, I use sandpaper with grits ranging from 400 to 1200 and beyond. Start with the coarsest grit to eliminate deeper scratches, then move to finer grits to refine the surface. For thicker glass, like that on Amphibias, you can apply more pressure, while for thinner glass, such as on Slava or Raketa watches, you need to proceed more gently to avoid damaging the glass.

Step 3: Sanding Technique

When sanding, alternate circular and perpendicular motions. I recommend sanding in a circular motion for at least 2-3 minutes for each grit. If the scratches are deep, you can increase the time to 5 minutes per grit. Remember not to apply too much pressure and to check your progress frequently to avoid removing too much material.

Step 4: Polishing the Glass

Once sanding is complete, it’s time to polish the glass. I prefer to use Iosso polishing paste, which gives excellent results. Apply the paste in circular motions, using moderate pressure until you achieve a shiny finish. Polishing is crucial to remove any sanding residues and to give the glass a smooth, glossy appearance.

Step 5: Final Cleaning

After polishing, it’s important to remove the paste and any residues. If you are working on a bare case, like on Komandirskie and Amphibia models, cleaning is quite simple. Just rinse the glass with a bit of water. If the watch is more complex, take precautions to protect the delicate parts, such as covering them with tape or a soft cloth.

Conclusion

By following these simple steps, you can remove scratches from the plexiglass of your watch and restore it to its original condition. Remember to be patient and proceed carefully, especially with thinner glass. If you want to use the products mentioned in this guide, you can find the purchase links on my website. Happy restoring!

Complete Guide to Modern Russian Watchmaking

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Vostok Watch Amfibia 1967 2415/190057

Discover the key brands in modern Russian watchmaking with an in-depth analysis of each brand. Whether you’re an experienced collector or a novice, this guide will provide all the information you need to navigate the fascinating world of Russian horology.

Independent Brands

Raketa

Official Website: Raketa

Raketa is one of the most iconic names in Russian watchmaking, established in 1961 to honor Yuri Gagarin’s space flight. Known for their in-house movements, Raketa watches like the “Big Zero” and “Kopernik” are distinctive and innovative. These timepieces blend bold design with incredible technical precision, making Raketa a standout brand for those seeking unique watches.

Vostok

Official Website: Vostok

Vostok is celebrated for its robust and reliable watches, such as the “Amphibia” and “Komandirskie” lines. Founded in 1942, Vostok has a rich history of producing durable timepieces initially designed for the Soviet military. These watches are appreciated for their durability and functional design, perfect for outdoor enthusiasts and water sports lovers. The Amphibia line, in particular, is renowned for its water resistance and sturdy construction.

Luch

Official Website: Luch

Luch, founded in 1953 in Minsk, offers elegant and accessible watches with excellent value for money. Luch provides a wide range of designs, from classic to modern, known for their simplicity and reliability. Combining minimalist design with high precision, Luch watches are an excellent choice for those seeking elegance and functionality at an affordable price.

Poljot International Holding

Poljot International

Official Website: Poljot International

Poljot International continues the tradition of the famous Poljot brand, known for its chronographs and mechanical watches. Their models range from classic manual winders to sophisticated tourbillons, blending modern design with Russian tradition. The attention to detail and craftsmanship make these watches unique pieces.

Basilika

Official Website: Basilika

Part of the Poljot International holding, Basilika stands out for its unique and recognizable designs. These watches combine elegance and functionality, making them eye-catching for their distinctive aesthetics.

Volmax Holding

Sturmanskie

Official Website: Sturmanskie

Sturmanskie is known for its ties to Soviet aviation and space exploration. The “Gagarin” models commemorate the first human space flight, while the “Sputnik” line celebrates the launch of the first artificial satellite. Sturmanskie watches are valued for their durability and historical design, ideal for aviation and space enthusiasts.

Strela

Official Website: Strela

Revived under Volmax, Strela is famous for its chronographs used in Soviet space missions. Modern Strela watches retain vintage designs and use high-precision mechanical movements, making them popular among collectors for their history and reliability.

Aviator

Official Website: Aviator

Part of Volmax, Aviator produces watches inspired by aviation. These timepieces are designed to be robust and precise, evoking the golden era of flight. Aviator watches are perfect for those seeking a blend of functionality and aeronautical style.

CCCP Time (Hong Kong)

Slava

Official Website: CCCP Time

Slava, now associated with CCCP Time, produces Soviet-themed watches using restored Slava movements or modern Japanese movements. These models combine nostalgic design and reliability, reflecting the aesthetics of original Soviet watches. They are perfect for those looking for a piece of history with a modern twist.

Meranom

Buyalov

Official Website: Meranom – Buyalov

Buyalov, sold through Meranom, is known for its distinctive and artisanal watch designs. These models offer a unique blend of modern aesthetics and Russian watchmaking tradition, resulting in timepieces that are both elegant and functional.

Attache

Official Website: Meranom – Attache

Attache, another brand distributed by Meranom, is known for its elegant and professional watches. These timepieces are designed for the business audience, featuring sophisticated design and high-quality construction.

Amphibia

Official Website: Meranom – Amphibia

Amphibia is famous for its rugged and reliable diving watches, ideal for water sports enthusiasts. Known for their water resistance and durable construction, these watches are perfect for underwater adventures.

AGAT (Zlatoust Watch Factory)

AGAT

Official Website: AGAT Watch Factory

AGAT, also known as the Zlatoust Watch Factory, is famous for its robust diving watches and chronometers. Models like the “191-ChS” and “192-ChS” are particularly valued for their solid construction and iconic design. These watches were originally designed for Soviet Navy divers and continue to be popular among enthusiasts of robust and historical timepieces.

Conclusion

Modern Russian watchmaking offers a wide range of options for collectors and enthusiasts. Whether you are looking for a piece of history or an innovative design, there is certainly a Russian watch that will meet your needs. Explore the brands listed above to find the perfect watch for you.

Soviet CCCP Watch: The History of SOVIET Watches from the ’90s

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Soviet CCCCP watch

In the 1990s, the Soviet CCCP watch gained significant popularity, especially in Italy, due to its unique design and nostalgic connection to the Soviet era. These watches, although not directly produced in the USSR, utilised high-quality Russian movements and featured an aesthetic that strongly evoked the Soviet period.

Soviet CCCCP watch
Soviet CCCCP

Production and Movements of the Soviet CCCP Watch

SOVIET watches were known for using a variety of mechanical and quartz movements produced by major Soviet factories. Among these, the Vostok 2414 and 2409 movements were particularly appreciated for their robustness and reliability. Additionally, Poljot calibres and Soviet quartz movements were also used. It is likely that the producers of the watch managed to purchase batches of movements from struggling ex-Soviet factories, ensuring high build quality​

Some SOVIET watches also mimicked the crown closure design of Zlatoust watches, characterised by a screw-down cap that protected the actual crown. This design not only added a distinctive element but also increased crown protection, making the watch more resistant to external elements​

Design and Features of the Soviet CCCP Watch

The design of the watch was heavily influenced by Soviet symbols and aesthetics. Many of these watches featured a red star on the dial, accompanied by the inscription “CCCP,” which stands for “Union of Soviet Socialist Republics” in Cyrillic. These design elements not only evoked the collective imagery of the era but also offered a sense of authenticity and nostalgia for the wearer. Each watch was a tribute to the glorious past of the Soviet Union​

Distribution and Popularity of the Soviet CCCP Watch in Italy

During the 1990s, the watch was particularly popular in Italy. It was imported and distributed through specialised watch shops and vintage item retailers. Its popularity was due to the combination of a distinctive design and an affordable price, making it attractive to both collectors and vintage watch enthusiasts. Additionally, the allure of Soviet design, combined with the quality of the mechanical movements, made these watches particularly desirable​

Production Hypotheses of the Soviet CCCP Watch

Despite the lack of detailed official documentation, there are several hypotheses about the production of the Soviet CCCP watch:

  • External Assembly: It is possible that the Russian movements and components were assembled in facilities outside Russia, leveraging available resources and infrastructure in other countries to reduce costs and circumvent the economic difficulties of the post-Soviet period.
  • Foreign Market: Another hypothesis is that the SOVIET brand was created specifically for foreign markets, such as Italy, exploiting the appeal of Soviet design to attract collectors and nostalgics without having to compete directly with established Russian watch brands​

Conclusion on the Soviet CCCP Watch

The Soviet CCCP watch represents a fascinating chapter in the history of 1990s horology. With its Soviet-era inspired design and use of high-quality movements, this watch continues to be appreciated by collectors and enthusiasts worldwide. Although its production has ended, its charm persists, offering a piece of history and nostalgia to anyone who wears it.

For more information on the Soviet CCCP watch and other vintage Russian watches, we recommend exploring collector forums and historical archives online.

Sources:

Russian Military Watches: A Comprehensive Guide

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russian watch Vostok Ratnik 6Э4-1

Russian military watches represent an important chapter in horological history. These instruments were designed to be robust, reliable, and functional under the most extreme conditions. Soviet military watches were not just accessories but essential work tools for coordinating military operations. Used by various branches of the armed forces, including pilots, divers, navy officers, and vehicle crews, these watches were assigned to military personnel as part of their standard equipment.

Military or Militaristic Watches?

It is important to note that many Russian and Soviet watches are often mistakenly considered military. In reality, many of these were simply militaristic watches, often sold in Voentorg stores open only to military personnel. This limited access contributed to the mistaken belief that all these watches were exclusively for military use. An example of these militaristic watches is the Vostok Komandirskie.

Sturmanskie

Sturmanskie Type I and Type II

Sturmanskie Type I and Type II watches were provided exclusively to Soviet Air Force pilots. Type I was introduced in 1949 with a 15-jewel movement and a hacking feature for precise synchronization. Type II, introduced in 1954, had 17 jewels and improvements in shock and water resistance. Both models used radium on the hands and dial to ensure visibility in the dark, making them slightly radioactive Wikipedia on Sturmanskie Type I and Type II.

soviet watch Sturmanskie Type 1
Sturmanskie Type 1
soviet watch Sturmanskie Type 2
Sturmanskie Type 2

Sturmanskie Chronograph (3133)

This chronograph model, introduced in 1977, used the 3133 movement, known for its reliability and ease of maintenance. It was intended for pilots and cosmonauts and was distributed exclusively within the armed forces. The 3133 chronograph has become a symbol of precision and durability Official Sturmanskie website.

sovien chronograph watch Sturmanskie Air Force
Sturmanskie Air Force

Zlatoust (Agat)

Zlatoust watches, produced by the Agat factory, were primarily designed for Soviet Navy divers. Known for their large size and robustness, these watches used radium for luminescence, ensuring visibility even in complete darkness. Zlatoust watches are still appreciated today for their durability and unique design Official Agat/Zlatoust website.

soviet Zlatoust diver
Zlatoust Diver

Okean (3133)

Okean Watch

Launched in 1976, the Okean was a chronograph designed for Soviet Navy officers. It used the 3133 movement and included features such as a telemeter and chronograph. These watches were not available in stores and were distributed in limited quantities, often included in ship equipment. The Okean is known for its robust design and reliability under extreme conditions Voensklad.com on Okean 3133.

https://www.netgrafik.ch/okean.htm

Vostok Ratnik

Vostok Ratnik 6E4-1 and 6E4-2

Vostok Ratnik watches are part of the “Ratnik” equipment adopted by the Russian Ministry of Defence in 2014. These watches are designed for military use and are included in the Russian soldiers’ equipment kit. Models 6E4-1 and 6E4-2 feature an automatic Vostok 2416 movement with 31 jewels, a stainless steel case, water resistance up to 200 metres (20 ATM), and anti-magnetic and shock-resistant properties. These watches are known for their robustness and reliability in extreme conditions Vostok-Watches24.com on Vostok Ratnik 6E4-1 and 6E4-2.

russian watch Vostok Ratnik 6Э4-2
Vostok Ratnik 6Э4-2
russian watch Vostok Ratnik 6Э4-1
Vostok Ratnik 6Э4-1

Poljot Strela

Poljot Strela watches (calibre 3017) were provided exclusively to high-ranking pilots and cosmonauts. These chronographs were highly valued for their precision and robustness, used in critical missions both in aviation and space Wikipedia on Poljot Strela.

https://sturmanskie.com/about/blog/progulki-v-otkrytom-kosmose/

Vehicle Watches

Watches used in military vehicles, such as planes and tanks, were built to withstand the harshest operational conditions. These timekeeping instruments often used radium to ensure readability in all conditions. They were essential for coordinating operations and controlling mission timings, significantly contributing to the operational effectiveness of the Soviet armed forces Wikipedia on Soviet military vehicle watches.

https://www.netgrafik.ch/airforce-watches12.htm

Considerations on Radioactive Materials

The use of radium in Soviet military watches was common to ensure visibility in the dark. However, with the emerging health risks associated with radioactivity, radium was gradually replaced by safer materials such as tritium and photoluminescent compounds. The transition from radium to tritium in Soviet watches occurred around 1960. This change was driven by the growing awareness of the health risks posed by radium and the need for safer alternatives Radium dial – Wikipedia, Worn & Wound, WatchUSeek.

Limited Access and Distribution

Many of these watches were assigned to military personnel as part of their standard equipment. They were not available through commercial channels but were distributed directly by the armed forces to active service members, significantly contributing to the operational effectiveness of the Soviet armed forces Wikipedia on Soviet military watches.

Final Observations

The list and description of Soviet military watches presented in this article are not exhaustive, given the long duration of the Soviet Union and the extensive production of military watches. It is impossible to provide a complete list of every single military watch created during that period.

These watches not only represent an important chapter in military horological history but continue to be appreciated for their quality, robustness, and unique history.

History of Slava: The Second Moscow Watch Factory

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History of Slava: The Second Moscow Watch Factory

The history of Slava, one of the most iconic brands in Russian watchmaking, begins with the foundation of the Second Moscow Watch Factory. This article explores the origins, development, challenges, and evolutions of this historic factory up to its current state.

Origins of the Second Moscow Watch Factory

Founded in 1924, the Second Moscow Watch Factory was one of the first non-military watch manufacturers in the Soviet Union. In 1929, the Soviet Union acquired two American watch factories, the Dueber-Hampden Watch Company and the Ansonia Clock Company, to start its own watchmaking industry​ (Wixsite)​​ (Wixsite)​. Official watch production began in 1931, using the equipment purchased from the Ansonia Clock Company.

During World War II, the factory was evacuated to Chistopol and focused on producing military equipment. After the war, the factory returned to Moscow and resumed civilian watch production​ (Two Broke Watch Snobs)​​ (Wikipedia)​.

The Birth of the Slava Brand

In the 1950s, the factory began producing watches under the brand name “Slava,” which means “glory” in Russian. This brand was distinguished for producing watches exclusively for civilian consumption, without military or aerospace pretensions​ (Wixsite)​​ (Wikipedia)​.

Innovations and Awards

The Slava factory was innovative from its early years. In the 1960s, it introduced the “Slava Transistor,” a watch with an electronic movement that won a gold medal at the Leipzig Fair in 1964​ (DuMarko)​​ (Слава – Русские часы)​. Other significant awards include the gold medal at the Brno International Fair in 1974 and another gold medal at the Leipzig Fair in 1975 for models with a 24mm caliber​ (Слава – Русские часы)​.

Expansion and Collaborations

From 1955 to 1979, Slava exported up to 50% of its production to over 72 countries. It collaborated with other Soviet manufacturers like Raketa and Vostok to develop advanced movements​ (DuMarko)​​ (Слава – Русские часы)​.

Challenges of Privatization

After the fall of the USSR, the Slava factory faced numerous difficulties. During the privatization of the 1990s, many movements were exported to China and Hong Kong to produce cheap counterfeits, damaging the brand’s reputation​ (Wikipedia)​​ (Слава – Русские часы)​.

Revival and Current Situation

In 2005, the factory and the Slava brand were acquired by Globex Bank and later transferred to the city of Moscow. The production facilities near Belorusskaya metro station were demolished in 2008 to make way for a shopping center, while wristwatch production was maintained and integrated into the Slava Technopark​ (Wikipedia)​​ (Слава – Русские часы)​.

Since 2016, Slava has been using movements produced by the Chistopol Watch Factory “Vostok” for its new models​ (Слава – Русские часы)​. Today, production continues with new models inspired by historic designs, such as “Slava Televisor,” “Era,” “Mir,” “Sadko,” “Ais,” and “Doctor,” using the original Slava 2427 movements​ (Слава – Русские часы)​.

Anecdotes and Trivia

An interesting fact is about the “Slava Transistor” model, which won a gold medal at the Leipzig Fair in 1964. This watch used an electronic movement that was innovative for its time, showcasing the factory’s technological advancement​ (DuMarko)​.

Another anecdote involves Slava’s appearance in the 2016 Bulgarian film “Glory” (original title “Slava”), where the protagonist’s Slava watch plays a key role in the plot​ (Wikipedia)​.

Conclusion

The history of Slava is a journey through the evolution of Russian watchmaking, from its roots in the Second Moscow Watch Factory to its current production of innovative models. Despite the challenges of privatization and counterfeiting, Slava continues to represent excellence in watchmaking.

For more information and updates on new Slava models, visit the official Slava website.

Sources:

  1. Second Watch Factory
  2. Slava Watches
  3. DuMarko
  4. Russian Watches Info
  5. Wikipedia

History of Poljot: From the First Moscow Watch Factory to Volmax and Maktime

Sovietaly™ Analysis and Opinions, Soviet Watches, Transitional Watches , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 0 Comment
russian watch Poljot Deluxe automatic

The “history of Poljot” begins with the establishment of the First Moscow Watch Factory (Первый Государственный Часовой Завод) in 1930, a key event within the framework of the first Soviet Five-Year Plan. This plan, launched in 1928, aimed to develop heavy industry and modernise the Soviet economy, and the creation of a state-owned watch factory was a significant part of this effort. On December 21, 1927, the Council of Labour and Defence approved a resolution to organise watch production in the USSR, with the goal of producing watches that were comparable in quality and precision to those from Switzerland and the United States​ (Poljot Watch)​​ (Moscow Watch)​.

Foundation and Early Years

The Birth within the Context of the Five-Year Plan

To achieve this goal, a group of Soviet engineers was sent to the United States to study production techniques. In 1929, the Soviet government purchased machinery and equipment from the Dueber-Hampden Watch Company in Canton, Ohio, and the Ansonia Clock Company in Brooklyn, New York. These machines were transported to Moscow, along with 23 American technicians, to initiate production​ (Caliber Corner)​​ (KaminskyBlog)​.

Initial Production Years

Construction of the factory began in February 1930 and was completed by June of the same year. Official production started on October 1, 1930, with the first 50 pocket watches, known as Type-1 or К-43, based on the Hampden Size 16 calibre. Despite initial difficulties, including a shortage of skilled workers and frequent machinery breakdowns, production rapidly improved thanks to intensive worker training and the establishment of a repair workshop​ (Moscow Watch)​.

Expansion and Development

Dedication to Kirov and Production Growth

In 1935, the factory was renamed in honour of Sergei Kirov, a Bolshevik leader who had been assassinated. This event marked a period of expansion, with production reaching 450,000 pieces per year and the beginning of special watch production for cars and aeroplanes​ (Moscow Watch)​.

Evacuation during World War II

During World War II, the factory was evacuated to Zlatoust due to the advancing German forces. However, part of the equipment was brought back to Moscow in 1943, and the factory resumed production, focusing on wristwatches. This period also marked the beginning of the production of the renowned Pobeda watch​ (KaminskyBlog)​.

The Birth of the Poljot Brand

Name Change and New Models

In 1947, the factory was renamed the First Moscow Watch Factory and started producing the Pobeda wristwatch. In the 1950s, the factory became well-known for numerous innovative models, including the first Soviet automatic watches and special watches for Antarctic expeditions​ (Moscow Watch)​​ (Poljot Watch)​.

Introduction of the Poljot Brand

In 1964, all previous brands were consolidated under the name Poljot, which means “flight” in Russian. Poljot quickly became the flagship brand of the Soviet watch industry, producing historical watches used in important space missions, including those worn by Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space​ (Poljot Watch)​.

Decline and Post-Soviet Transformation

Decline in the 1980s and 1990s

In the 1980s, the quality of Soviet watches began to decline due to economic stagnation and technological difficulties. After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the Poljot factory was privatised and transformed into a joint-stock company in 1992. However, financial and managerial difficulties continued to plague the company​ (KaminskyBlog)​.

Establishment of Volmax and Maktime

Volmax was founded in 2000 by a group of former Poljot employees. The company focused on producing high-quality watches using historical Poljot designs and movements. Brands such as Aviator, Buran, and Sturmanskie were revived under Volmax, keeping the Russian watchmaking tradition alive​ (Moscow Watch)​​ (KaminskyBlog)​.

Maktime, founded in 1996, acquired machinery and equipment from Poljot, including those necessary to produce the famous calibre 3133. Maktime continued the production of this movement and introduced various exclusive watch models, including skeleton watches with precious metal cases and decorations with precious stones​ (Caliber Corner)​.

Key Brands of the First Moscow Watch Factory

BrandDescription
PoljotMeans “flight” in Russian; introduced in 1964, becoming the main brand for export and domestic markets.
PobedaMeans “victory” in Russian; one of the first watches produced after World War II.
SturmanskieWorn by Yuri Gagarin on his first space flight; means “navigator”.
KirovskieNamed in honour of Sergei Kirov; one of the first brands after the factory’s name change in 1935.
MayakMeans “lighthouse” in Russian; one of the brands used in the 1950s and 1960s.
MoskvaMeans “Moscow” in Russian; used in the 1950s.
RodinaMeans “motherland” in Russian; the first Soviet watch with an automatic winding function.
SportivnieMeans “sporting” in Russian; watches with chronograph functions.
SignalMechanical watches with alarm functions; introduced in the late 1950s.
SputnikCommemorative of the launch of the first artificial satellite; introduced in 1957.
AntarktidaSpecial watches produced for Antarctic expeditions.
KosmosMeans “cosmos” in Russian; commemorative space watches.
OrbitaMeans “orbit” in Russian; one of the brands used for wristwatches.
StrelaMeans “arrow” in Russian; worn by Alexei Leonov during the first spacewalk.
VympelA brand for high-precision watches.
BuranAlso used for more recent models.
AviatorMainly used for aviator watches.

Main Calibres Produced

Mechanical Calibres

  • Calibre 3133: Based on the Valjoux 7734, this is one of the most renowned chronograph movements.
  • Calibre 2612: Mechanical movement with an alarm function.
  • Calibre 2609: Used in Sturmanskie watches.

Quartz Calibres

  • Calibre 2416: Quartz movement used in various Poljot models in the 1980s and 1990s.
  • Calibre 2431: Another quartz movement produced in the later years of Poljot’s operations.

Conclusion

The “history of Poljot” is a journey through decades of technological and historical changes, consistently maintaining the high quality and craftsmanship of Russian watches. The legacy of Poljot continues to live on through the efforts of Volmax and Maktime.

Discover the Exclusive Raketa Aspol Watch: A Piece of Polar History

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russian watch Raketa ASPOL Blue

Description and Features of the Raketa Aspol Watch

The Raketa Aspol watch is a rare and fascinating piece, created to celebrate polar explorations and honour the explorers associated with the Association of Polar Explorers (ASPOL). This watch stands out not only for its design but also for its historical and collectible value.

russian watch Raketa ASPOL Blue
Raketa ASPOL Blue

Technical Specifications

  • Movement: Calibre 2623H manual wind, known for its robustness and accuracy, with a 24-hour format.
  • Case: Made of chrome-plated brass, giving the watch a shiny and durable appearance.
  • Crystal: Plexiglass, lightweight and impact-resistant.
  • Dial: Available in two colour variants – blue and red. The red version is particularly rare and sought after by collectors.

The Commemorative Raketa Aspol Dial

The dial of the Raketa Aspol watch is rich with symbols and inscriptions celebrating polar heritage:

  • Central Globe: Represents the significance of polar explorations, with a polar bear at the centre, symbolising ASPOL.
  • Aspol Inscriptions: The association’s name is present in both Cyrillic (АСПОЛ) and Latin (ASPOL), emphasising the connection to polar explorations.
  • City Names: Lists various cities around the world, facilitating time reading across different time zones.

The Association of Polar Explorers (ASPOL)

Founded in 1990 during the All-Union Congress of Polar Explorers, the ASPOL aims to protect the interests of polar workers and indigenous peoples of the Far North. The association plays a crucial role in implementing Russia’s state policy in the Arctic and Antarctic.

ASPOL’s Mission and Activities

ASPOL is involved in various areas, including:

  • Environmental Sustainability: Promotes projects and policies for the environmental protection of polar regions.
  • Education and Culture: Organises events such as the International Forum “Arctic: Today and the Future” and celebrates “Polar Explorer Day” on May 21st, commemorating the first scientific expedition to the “North Pole-1” station.
  • International Collaboration: Facilitates cooperation between governmental entities, scientific institutions, and non-profit organisations for the sustainable development of polar regions.

Historical Facts and Soviet Legacy Related to the Raketa Aspol Watch

During the Soviet era, polar explorations were a scientific and strategic priority. Polar expeditions, like the “North Pole-1” station in 1937, collected crucial scientific data and contributed to the understanding of atmospheric processes in the Arctic.

Artur Chilingarov and ASPOL

Artur Chilingarov, president of ASPOL and special representative of the President of the Russian Federation for international cooperation in the Arctic and Antarctic, is a key figure in promoting polar explorations. Under his leadership, ASPOL continues to support scientific research and environmental protection in polar regions.

Conclusion

The Raketa Aspol watch is not just a piece of Soviet horological history but also a tribute to polar explorations and the men and women who dedicated their lives to these missions. Its rarity, especially the red dial variant, makes it a highly valuable item for collectors and history enthusiasts.

For more information about ASPOL and its activities, visit the official website: ASPOL.

Slava California Watch: An Iconic Timepiece of History and Innovation

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russian watch Slava California

Slava watches are renowned for their quality and reliability, and the Slava California watch is no exception. Produced by the Second Moscow Watch Factory, this watch stands out not only for its unique design but also for its historical and technical significance. In this article, we will explore the features of the Slava California watch, the Slava 2428 caliber, and the fascinating stories behind the famous “California” dial used by Rolex and Panerai.

Description of the Slava California Watch

russian watch Slava California
Slava California

Design and Case

The Slava California watch is easily recognizable by its distinctive dial, featuring a combination of Roman numerals on the upper half and Arabic numerals on the lower half. This unique design is complemented by:

  • Chrome-Plated Brass Case: The brass case with chrome plating gives the watch an elegant appearance, though it is less resistant to everyday wear. Over time, the chrome can deteriorate with daily use and contact with sweat.
  • Black Dial: The black background of the dial provides perfect contrast with the pink hour markers outlined in gray, enhancing readability.
  • Minute Markers: Gray, aligned along the railroad track surrounding the dial.
  • Polished Metal Hands: The hands, without luminous material, feature a hollow interior, while the second hand is distinguished by a red “lollipop.”
  • Date Display at 6 o’clock: The date display at 6 o’clock allows for vertical reading of the date and day, a practical and distinctive feature.

Technical Details of the Slava 2428 Caliber

The heart of the Slava California watch is the Slava 2428 caliber, a manual winding mechanical movement known for its reliability. Here are the technical specifications:

  • Dimensions: 13 lines (32.2 mm diameter).
  • Height: 4.85 mm.
  • Power Reserve: 47 hours.
  • Frequency: 18,000 vibrations per hour (vph).
  • Jewels: 17.
  • Complications:
    • Sweeping Seconds.
    • Day and Date.
  • Regulator Type: Pinned regulator (or index regulator).
  • Escapement Type: Swiss lever escapement.
  • Winding and Setting: Stem winding, stem setting.

The Story of the California Dial: Rolex and Panerai

The “California” dial has a fascinating history involving some of the most prestigious watch brands.

Origins of the California Dial

The term “California dial” originated in the 1980s when dial refinishing shops in Los Angeles, particularly on Melrose Avenue, began using the half Roman, half Arabic design to refinish vintage watch dials. This style quickly became popular among collectors of Rolex “Bubbleback” watches​ (Welcome to RolexMagazine.com)​​ (Fratello Watches)​.

Rolex and Panerai

Rolex was one of the first to use the California dial in the 1930s and 1940s, particularly in models designed for Panerai, which supplied watches to the Italian Navy. These watches were known for their readability and robustness, essential features for underwater missions​ (Watch Swiss)​.

The Rolex California

The California dial of Rolex has become an icon among collectors. Initially used to improve readability in difficult conditions, it was later adopted by various vintage models. Today, the California dial is highly sought after and represents a piece of watchmaking history.

Beware of Counterfeits

Unfortunately, with the growing popularity of the Slava California watch, unscrupulous sellers have emerged, counterfeiting California dials for these watches. Fake dials can be found on various marketplaces, so it is important to be cautious and verify authenticity before making a purchase.

The Value of the Slava California Watch Among Collectors

The Slava California watch has become highly sought after among collectors. The combination of unique design, fascinating history, and technical reliability has increased its market value. Currently, a Slava California in excellent condition can fetch between 300 and 350 euros.

Conclusion

The Slava California watch is more than just a timepiece; it is a piece of watchmaking history. With its distinctive design and robust Slava 2428 caliber, it continues to captivate collectors worldwide. Whether you are a vintage watch enthusiast or a collector seeking unique pieces, the Slava California is an excellent choice.

The Raketa Yamal Watch: An Icon of Soviet Craftsmanship

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russian watch Raketa Yamal

Introduction

In the late 1980s, during the Perestroika period, the Peterhof Watch Factory saw the emergence of several cooperatives, including the renowned “Peterhof Masters”. One of their most iconic creations is the Raketa watch commemorating the nuclear icebreaker “Yamal”. This article explores the distinctive features of this rare watch, highlighting its design and the historical context in which it was produced.

Description of the Raketa Yamal Watch

russian watch Raketa Yamal
Raketa Yamal (PM)

The Raketa Yamal watch boasts several distinctive elements:

  • Case: Made of gold-plated brass with a TiN-finished bezel, measuring approximately 36 mm in diameter.
  • Dial: The dial features a detailed print of the nuclear icebreaker Yamal. It is signed “P.M.” (Peterhof Masters). Within the image, the initials “A.L.M.” (Atomnyy Ledomkol Yamal) are part of the commemorative illustration. The blue lines at the top of the dial represent a stylized aurora borealis, a typical graphic element of polar watches. This design predates the addition of the famous shark mouth painted on the ship’s hull in the 1990s.
  • Hands: Black dagger-shaped hands, including the second hand.
  • Movement: Equipped with a mechanical 2614 movement from a Russian factory, with an unengraved bridge, marked “2614” and the “Angels” logo.
  • Case Back: Pressure-fitted steel case back without inscriptions.

The video presents a rare watch from the late 1980s called the Atomic Icebreaker Yamal, produced by the Peterhof Masters cooperative. The watch is distinguished by its dial printed with the image of the Yamal atomic icebreaker and the date at 6 o’clock, signed “П.М.” (Peterhof Masters) and “АЛМ” (Atomic Icebreaker Yamal). Classic baton hands for hours and minutes and a red seconds hand complete the design. The chrome-plated brass case with a smooth finish, the plexiglass crystal and the black leather strap give the watch an elegant and robust appearance. The snap-back case back hides a late-model Russian 2614 mechanical movement, with a flat mainspring, shock absorber under the anchor and balance wheel without a regulating screw. A rare and fascinating watch, which captures attention for its unique design and its history linked to the late 1980s and the Peterhof Masters cooperative. A true collector’s item for fans of vintage watches and Russian history.

The Peterhof Watch Factory Cooperatives

During Perestroika, the historic Peterhof Watch Factory, also known as Raketa, gave rise to three unique cooperatives: Renaissance, Prestige, and Peterhof Masters. These cooperatives represent a fascinating chapter in Soviet watch history, characterized by high quality and innovative designs.

  • Renaissance: Specialized in watches with semi-precious stone dials like jade, jasper, malachite, and nephrite.
  • Prestige: Known for its mirror dials with religious themes and images of churches.
  • Peterhof Masters: Focused on producing watches with printed dials on various themes, often decorated with high-quality naval and military images. The commemorative Yamal watch is one of their most iconic models.

The Yamal Icebreaker

The Yamal is one of the nuclear icebreakers of the Arktika class, built to operate in harsh Arctic conditions. Here are some of its main technical characteristics:

  • Nuclear Reactors: Equipped with two OK-900A nuclear reactors, each with a capacity of 171 MW, for a total thermal power of 342 MW.
  • Power: The maximum propulsion power is 75,000 horsepower (approximately 55.3 MW), distributed over three four-blade propellers, each 5.7 meters in diameter.
  • Dimensions: Length of 148 meters, width of 30 meters, draft of 11.08 meters, height from keel to masthead of 55 meters.
  • Displacement: 23,455 tons.
  • Speed: Maximum speed in open water of 22 knots (about 40 km/h) and the ability to break ice up to 2.3 meters thick at a speed of 3 knots (about 5.5 km/h).
  • Hull Structure: The outer hull is 48 mm thick in areas in contact with ice and 25 mm elsewhere, with a polymer coating to reduce friction. It uses an air and hot water bubble system to facilitate icebreaking.

The Yamal is known for its ability to navigate through thick Arctic ice, thanks to its powerful nuclear reactors and advanced icebreaking technologies. It has played a significant role in creating annual travel expeditions to the North Pole, being one of the few ships capable of reaching this destination and safely transporting tourists​ (CruiseMapper)​​ (Wikipedia)​.

Tourist Cruises

The Yamal offers tourist cruises to the North Pole, a unique experience for adventurers. These cruises typically depart from Murmansk, Russia, and prices for a 14-day cruise can be around $30,000 per person. The cruises include various activities such as helicopter tours, Zodiac excursions, and photography programs​ (Poseidon Expeditions)​​ (Cruise Critic)​.

Conclusion

The Raketa Yamal watch by the Peterhof Masters cooperative is a rare and valuable piece for collectors and watch enthusiasts. It represents not only the excellence of Soviet craftsmanship but also an era of change and innovation. For more details and an in-depth look at the watch, you can consult Dmitry Brodnikovskiy’s video available on YouTube, which provides a detailed analysis of this unique model.

Sources