Orologi Sovietici Archivi

Russian Military Watches: History, Models, and Collecting

Sovietaly™ Analisi e Opinioni, Orologi Sovietici 24 February 202524 February 2025 0 Comment

Russian military watches represent a fascinating chapter in horology, blending technical innovation, functional design, and a deep connection to significant historical events. These timepieces have not only accompanied military personnel and specialists on crucial missions but have also become cult objects for collectors and enthusiasts worldwide.

The Origins of Russian Military Watchmaking

The Russian watch industry has deep roots dating back to the 1930s when the Soviet Union initiated domestic production to reduce reliance on foreign imports. In 1930, the First Moscow Watch Factory began manufacturing timepieces for both civilian and military use. This initiative marked the beginning of a horological tradition that would have a significant impact in the decades to follow.

Iconic Models and Their Historical Role

Sturmanskie Type 1 and Type 2

Sturmanskie watches were developed for Soviet military aviation and issued to pilots upon graduation. The Type 1, produced by the First Moscow Watch Factory in the 1950s, was one of the first timepieces designed for military aviation use. The subsequent Type 2, introduced in the 1960s, featured structural improvements and enhanced accuracy. This model is also believed to have been the watch worn by Yuri Gagarin during his historic space flight in 1961.

soviet watch Sturmanskie Type 1 — Sturmanskie Type 1

soviet watch Sturmanskie Type 2 — Sturmanskie Type 2

Sturmanskie Chronograph for Pilots

Alongside standard models, the Soviet Union developed a Sturmanskie chronograph, issued to pilots upon obtaining their licence. This watch featured a chronograph function, essential for navigation calculations and precise measurements during flight missions.

sovien chronograph watch Sturmanskie Air Force — Sturmanskie Air Force

Zlatoust 191-ChS: The Deep-Diving Giant

One of the most remarkable Russian military watches is the Zlatoust 191-ChS, an extraordinarily large diving watch designed for Soviet naval divers. With a case diameter of approximately 60mm and a highly legible dial, this model has become legendary for its durability and reliability in extreme conditions.

Vostok “Ratnik” with Left-Side Crown

The Vostok Ratnik is an automatic watch developed as part of the advanced “Ratnik” military modernisation programme. The Ratnik project (“Ратник” in Russian, meaning “Warrior”) is a modular system introduced to enhance the efficiency and protection of Russian soldiers, incorporating body armour, visors, weapons, and advanced communication devices. Although the Vostok Ratnik was intended to be part of the standard military gear, it was never officially adopted, remaining an interesting piece for collectors.

Featuring a left-side crown, an automatic Vostok 2416 movement, and water resistance up to 200 metres, this model is particularly sought after for its connection to Russia’s military modernisation efforts.

russian watch Vostok Ratnik 6Э4-2 — Vostok Ratnik 6Э4-2

russian watch Vostok Ratnik 6Э4-1 — Vostok Ratnik 6Э4-1

Zakaz Watches and Voentorg Shops

In addition to officially issued watches, there are Zakaz models, specially ordered by the Ministry of Defence and sold in Voentorg military shops.

Voentorg (Военторг, an abbreviation of “Военная торговля,” meaning “Military Trade”) were exclusive stores reserved for Soviet military personnel, accessible only with a special permit. These shops sold uniforms, tactical equipment, field tools, and, of course, watches commissioned specifically for the Ministry of Defence.

Zakaz watches sold in Voentorg shops often featured special engravings, military unit insignia, and more advanced specifications compared to their civilian counterparts. Since they were available only to authorised personnel and not the general public, these timepieces are now particularly rare and highly valued by collectors.

Watches of the Red Army

Although many Soviet watches were not officially military-issued, some models were heavily inspired by the Red Army aesthetic. Among the most notable are the Vostok Komandirskie and Amphibia, originally produced for military personnel but later made available to the public. Featuring dials with military symbols and robust construction, these models remain highly appreciated among collectors.

soviet watch Vostok Komandirskie Submarine — Vostok Komandirskie Submarine

soviet watch Vostok Komandirskie Tank — Vostok Komandirskie Tank

soviet watch Vostok Komandirskie — Vostok Komandirskie

Where to Find Russian Military Watches

Those interested in Russian military watches can explore specialist websites and platforms dedicated to horology. russianwatches.it is a great resource: while it is an e-commerce site, military or military-style watches occasionally become available, making it worth checking for potential acquisitions.

Conclusion

Russian military watches are a combination of history, engineering, and design. Whether you are an experienced collector or a newcomer, exploring this sector of horology offers the opportunity to own not just a timepiece but a piece of history rich in meaning and fascination.

Soviet CCCP Watch: The History of SOVIET Watches from the ’90s

Sovietaly™ Orologi Russi, Orologi Sovietici 24 July 202424 July 20241990s, anni '90, collecting, collezionismo, movimenti Vostok, orologi sovietici, orologi vintage, poljot, Soviet CCCP watch, Soviet watches, vintage watches, Vostok movements 0 Comment

In the 1990s, the Soviet CCCP watch gained significant popularity, especially in Italy, due to its unique design and nostalgic connection to the Soviet era. These watches, although not directly produced in the USSR, utilised high-quality Russian movements and featured an aesthetic that strongly evoked the Soviet period.

Production and Movements of the Soviet CCCP Watch

SOVIET watches were known for using a variety of mechanical and quartz movements produced by major Soviet factories. Among these, the Vostok 2414 and 2409 movements were particularly appreciated for their robustness and reliability. Additionally, Poljot calibres and Soviet quartz movements were also used. It is likely that the producers of the watch managed to purchase batches of movements from struggling ex-Soviet factories, ensuring high build quality

Some SOVIET watches also mimicked the crown closure design of Zlatoust watches, characterised by a screw-down cap that protected the actual crown. This design not only added a distinctive element but also increased crown protection, making the watch more resistant to external elements

Design and Features of the Soviet CCCP Watch

The design of the watch was heavily influenced by Soviet symbols and aesthetics. Many of these watches featured a red star on the dial, accompanied by the inscription “CCCP,” which stands for “Union of Soviet Socialist Republics” in Cyrillic. These design elements not only evoked the collective imagery of the era but also offered a sense of authenticity and nostalgia for the wearer. Each watch was a tribute to the glorious past of the Soviet Union

Distribution and Popularity of the Soviet CCCP Watch in Italy

During the 1990s, the watch was particularly popular in Italy. It was imported and distributed through specialised watch shops and vintage item retailers. Its popularity was due to the combination of a distinctive design and an affordable price, making it attractive to both collectors and vintage watch enthusiasts. Additionally, the allure of Soviet design, combined with the quality of the mechanical movements, made these watches particularly desirable

Production Hypotheses of the Soviet CCCP Watch

Despite the lack of detailed official documentation, there are several hypotheses about the production of the Soviet CCCP watch:

External Assembly: It is possible that the Russian movements and components were assembled in facilities outside Russia, leveraging available resources and infrastructure in other countries to reduce costs and circumvent the economic difficulties of the post-Soviet period.
Foreign Market: Another hypothesis is that the SOVIET brand was created specifically for foreign markets, such as Italy, exploiting the appeal of Soviet design to attract collectors and nostalgics without having to compete directly with established Russian watch brands

Conclusion on the Soviet CCCP Watch

The Soviet CCCP watch represents a fascinating chapter in the history of 1990s horology. With its Soviet-era inspired design and use of high-quality movements, this watch continues to be appreciated by collectors and enthusiasts worldwide. Although its production has ended, its charm persists, offering a piece of history and nostalgia to anyone who wears it.

For more information on the Soviet CCCP watch and other vintage Russian watches, we recommend exploring collector forums and historical archives online.

Sources:

History of Slava: The Second Moscow Watch Factory

Sovietaly™ Analisi e Opinioni, Orologi Russi, Orologi Sovietici 18 July 202418 July 20241950s watches, 1960s watches, anni '60, civilian watches., historic models, Moscow Watches, orologeria russa, Russian watchmaking, Second Factory, Slava awards, Slava collaborations, Slava history, Slava innovations, Slava movements, Slava privatization, Slava revival, Slava Transistor 0 Comment

The history of Slava, one of the most iconic brands in Russian watchmaking, begins with the foundation of the Second Moscow Watch Factory. This article explores the origins, development, challenges, and evolutions of this historic factory up to its current state.

Origins of the Second Moscow Watch Factory

Founded in 1924, the Second Moscow Watch Factory was one of the first non-military watch manufacturers in the Soviet Union. In 1929, the Soviet Union acquired two American watch factories, the Dueber-Hampden Watch Company and the Ansonia Clock Company, to start its own watchmaking industry (Wixsite) (Wixsite). Official watch production began in 1931, using the equipment purchased from the Ansonia Clock Company.

During World War II, the factory was evacuated to Chistopol and focused on producing military equipment. After the war, the factory returned to Moscow and resumed civilian watch production (Two Broke Watch Snobs) (Wikipedia).

The Birth of the Slava Brand

In the 1950s, the factory began producing watches under the brand name “Slava,” which means “glory” in Russian. This brand was distinguished for producing watches exclusively for civilian consumption, without military or aerospace pretensions (Wixsite) (Wikipedia).

Innovations and Awards

The Slava factory was innovative from its early years. In the 1960s, it introduced the “Slava Transistor,” a watch with an electronic movement that won a gold medal at the Leipzig Fair in 1964 (DuMarko) (Слава – Русские часы). Other significant awards include the gold medal at the Brno International Fair in 1974 and another gold medal at the Leipzig Fair in 1975 for models with a 24mm caliber (Слава – Русские часы).

Expansion and Collaborations

From 1955 to 1979, Slava exported up to 50% of its production to over 72 countries. It collaborated with other Soviet manufacturers like Raketa and Vostok to develop advanced movements (DuMarko) (Слава – Русские часы).

Challenges of Privatization

After the fall of the USSR, the Slava factory faced numerous difficulties. During the privatization of the 1990s, many movements were exported to China and Hong Kong to produce cheap counterfeits, damaging the brand’s reputation (Wikipedia) (Слава – Русские часы).

Revival and Current Situation

In 2005, the factory and the Slava brand were acquired by Globex Bank and later transferred to the city of Moscow. The production facilities near Belorusskaya metro station were demolished in 2008 to make way for a shopping center, while wristwatch production was maintained and integrated into the Slava Technopark (Wikipedia) (Слава – Русские часы).

Since 2016, Slava has been using movements produced by the Chistopol Watch Factory “Vostok” for its new models (Слава – Русские часы). Today, production continues with new models inspired by historic designs, such as “Slava Televisor,” “Era,” “Mir,” “Sadko,” “Ais,” and “Doctor,” using the original Slava 2427 movements (Слава – Русские часы).

Anecdotes and Trivia

An interesting fact is about the “Slava Transistor” model, which won a gold medal at the Leipzig Fair in 1964. This watch used an electronic movement that was innovative for its time, showcasing the factory’s technological advancement (DuMarko).

Another anecdote involves Slava’s appearance in the 2016 Bulgarian film “Glory” (original title “Slava”), where the protagonist’s Slava watch plays a key role in the plot (Wikipedia).

Conclusion

The history of Slava is a journey through the evolution of Russian watchmaking, from its roots in the Second Moscow Watch Factory to its current production of innovative models. Despite the challenges of privatization and counterfeiting, Slava continues to represent excellence in watchmaking.

For more information and updates on new Slava models, visit the official Slava website.

Sources:

Slava California Watch: An Iconic Timepiece of History and Innovation

Sovietaly™ Orologi Sovietici, Soviet Watches 10 July 202410 July 2024California dial, California dial history, chrome-plated brass case, collectible watches, counterfeit watches, half Roman half Arabic dial, mechanical movement, orologi sovietici, orologio vintage, Slava 2428, Slava California watch, Slava watch, Slava watch value, Soviet watches, vertical date display, Vintage Watch, Watch Collectors 0 Comment

Slava watches are renowned for their quality and reliability, and the Slava California watch is no exception. Produced by the Second Moscow Watch Factory, this watch stands out not only for its unique design but also for its historical and technical significance. In this article, we will explore the features of the Slava California watch, the Slava 2428 caliber, and the fascinating stories behind the famous “California” dial used by Rolex and Panerai.

Description of the Slava California Watch

Design and Case

The Slava California watch is easily recognizable by its distinctive dial, featuring a combination of Roman numerals on the upper half and Arabic numerals on the lower half. This unique design is complemented by:

Chrome-Plated Brass Case: The brass case with chrome plating gives the watch an elegant appearance, though it is less resistant to everyday wear. Over time, the chrome can deteriorate with daily use and contact with sweat.
Black Dial: The black background of the dial provides perfect contrast with the pink hour markers outlined in gray, enhancing readability.
Minute Markers: Gray, aligned along the railroad track surrounding the dial.
Polished Metal Hands: The hands, without luminous material, feature a hollow interior, while the second hand is distinguished by a red “lollipop.”
Date Display at 6 o’clock: The date display at 6 o’clock allows for vertical reading of the date and day, a practical and distinctive feature.

Technical Details of the Slava 2428 Caliber

The heart of the Slava California watch is the Slava 2428 caliber, a manual winding mechanical movement known for its reliability. Here are the technical specifications:

Dimensions: 13 lines (32.2 mm diameter).
Height: 4.85 mm.
Power Reserve: 47 hours.
Frequency: 18,000 vibrations per hour (vph).
Jewels: 17.
Complications:
- Sweeping Seconds.
- Day and Date.
Regulator Type: Pinned regulator (or index regulator).
Escapement Type: Swiss lever escapement.
Winding and Setting: Stem winding, stem setting.

The Story of the California Dial: Rolex and Panerai

The “California” dial has a fascinating history involving some of the most prestigious watch brands.

Origins of the California Dial

The term “California dial” originated in the 1980s when dial refinishing shops in Los Angeles, particularly on Melrose Avenue, began using the half Roman, half Arabic design to refinish vintage watch dials. This style quickly became popular among collectors of Rolex “Bubbleback” watches (Welcome to RolexMagazine.com) (Fratello Watches).

Rolex and Panerai

Rolex was one of the first to use the California dial in the 1930s and 1940s, particularly in models designed for Panerai, which supplied watches to the Italian Navy. These watches were known for their readability and robustness, essential features for underwater missions (Watch Swiss).

The Rolex California

The California dial of Rolex has become an icon among collectors. Initially used to improve readability in difficult conditions, it was later adopted by various vintage models. Today, the California dial is highly sought after and represents a piece of watchmaking history.

Beware of Counterfeits

Unfortunately, with the growing popularity of the Slava California watch, unscrupulous sellers have emerged, counterfeiting California dials for these watches. Fake dials can be found on various marketplaces, so it is important to be cautious and verify authenticity before making a purchase.

The Value of the Slava California Watch Among Collectors

The Slava California watch has become highly sought after among collectors. The combination of unique design, fascinating history, and technical reliability has increased its market value. Currently, a Slava California in excellent condition can fetch between 300 and 350 euros.

Conclusion

The Slava California watch is more than just a timepiece; it is a piece of watchmaking history. With its distinctive design and robust Slava 2428 caliber, it continues to captivate collectors worldwide. Whether you are a vintage watch enthusiast or a collector seeking unique pieces, the Slava California is an excellent choice.

SLAVA M.R.N.D. SUGIRA MU RWANDA: A Propaganda Watch and Its History

Sovietaly™ Orologi Russi, Orologi Sovietici 8 July 20248 July 2024Mouvement Révolutionnaire National pour le Développement, MRND, political propaganda, propaganda watch, Rwanda flags, Rwanda genocide, Rwanda history, Slava 2356, SLAVA M.R.N.D. SUGIRA MU RWANDA, Soviet quartz movement 0 Comment

Introduction

The SLAVA watch with the inscription “M.R.N.D. SUGIRA MU RWANDA” is a historical artifact that offers a glimpse into political propaganda in Rwanda before the 1994 genocide. This article explores the details of this watch, the meaning of its inscriptions and flags, and the historical context in which it was used.

Description of the Watch

The watch features a dial with two colorful flags and the inscription “M.R.N.D. SUGIRA MU RWANDA.” It is powered by a Soviet-made Slava 2356 quartz movement, known for its affordability and reliability. The “Made in USSR” mark indicates that the watch was produced before the end of 1991, the year the Soviet Union dissolved.

The Flags

Left Flag (with the letter “R”):
- Colors: Red, yellow, and green.
- Symbol: The letter “R” in yellow.
- Meaning: This flag was the national flag of Rwanda used from 1962 to 2001. These colors are common in Pan-African movements and symbolize national identity and Hutu nationalism. The “R” stands for “Rwanda” (Wikiwand).
Right Flag (MRND):
- Colors: Red, black, and green.
- Symbol: A sickle with a long handle and a hoe.
- Meaning: This flag represents the MRND party (Mouvement Révolutionnaire National pour le Développement). The agricultural tools symbolize labor and are consistent with the party’s focus on agricultural and national development (Wikiwand) (Wikiwand).

The Inscription “M.R.N.D. SUGIRA MU RWANDA”

The inscription on the dial, “M.R.N.D. SUGIRA MU RWANDA,” is in Kinyarwanda. Here is a detailed explanation:

M.R.N.D: Abbreviation for “Mouvement Révolutionnaire National pour le Développement”.
SUGIRA: In Kinyarwanda, it means “prosper” or “flourish”.
MU RWANDA: Means “in Rwanda”.

The complete phrase can be translated as “The MRND prospers in Rwanda.” This slogan represents the party’s propaganda, emphasizing its dominance and influence in the country.

Propaganda Use of the Watch

The watch served as a propaganda tool for the MRND. Distributed to supporters and party members, it symbolized the MRND’s authority and pervasive presence in the daily lives of Rwandans. The “Made in USSR” mark suggests that the watch was produced before the end of 1991, probably because the Soviet Union was one of the few countries capable of mass-producing affordable watches at that time (NSUWorks) (Human Rights Watch).

The 1994 Genocide: A Detached Overview

The Rwandan genocide of 1994 was one of the most tragic events in recent history. In about 100 days, from April to July 1994, between 500,000 and 1,000,000 people were massacred, predominantly Tutsis, but also moderate Hutus.

Causes and Context

Ethnic tensions between Hutus and Tutsis had been present for decades, exacerbated by Belgian colonial policies. After independence in 1962, these tensions intensified, culminating in the assassination of Hutu President Juvénal Habyarimana on April 6, 1994, which triggered the genocidal violence (Wikis at NYU).

Course of the Genocide

Immediately after Habyarimana’s assassination, Hutu militias, including the Interahamwe, began systematically killing Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The violence quickly spread from Kigali to the rest of the country, with atrocities committed in schools, churches, and private homes (Human Rights Watch) (Wikis at NYU).

International Response

The international community was criticized for its inaction. UN peacekeeping forces were reduced after the killing of 10 Belgian soldiers, leaving the field open to the genocidaires. It was not until mid-May 1994 that the UN authorized the deployment of additional troops, but it was too late (Human Rights Watch) (Wikis at NYU).

Aftermath and Recovery

The genocide ended with the victory of the Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). The new government promoted reconciliation and adopted a new constitution that eliminated ethnic references, striving to rebuild a devastated country (Wikis at NYU).

Conclusion

The MRND watch, with its flags and slogans, represents a tangible symbol of a dark period in Rwanda’s history. It serves as a reminder of the propaganda used by the MRND to consolidate its power and the horrific genocide that followed. As Rwanda continues to heal and rebuild, these objects remind us of the importance of vigilance against ethnic hatred and violence.