The Raketa 3031 is considered one of the most complex and fascinating watches ever produced by the Soviet watch industry. This article delves into the technical characteristics, history, and rarity of this unique model, providing a comprehensive overview for collectors and vintage watch enthusiasts.
History and Production
The Raketa 3031 was produced by the Petrodvorets Watch Factory, one of the oldest watch factories in Russia. The model was introduced in the 1970s and 1980s, with two main production batches:
First Batch (1974): 200 units
Second Batch: 1,000 units
Technical Characteristics of the Raketa 3031
Movement:
Caliber: 30 mm
Qualification: 3031 (indicates the presence of a calendar and shock protection)
Mechanism: Manual winding mechanism with 17 jewels
Differences from subsequent movements:
Rotor positioned on the right side of the movement
Calendar star is straight
Calendar disk has a slight “jump” before setting
Construction:
Case: Stainless steel
Crystal: Slightly domed
Case Back: Screwed
Crown: Offset
Alarm Bezel: Red with a pointer for setting the time
Water Resistance: Supports water pressure up to 20 atmospheres
Functionality:
Alarm Setting: The winding crown is pulled out and turned counterclockwise to set the alarm time.
Alarm Sound: A buzzer sounds at the set time.
Variants:
Lug Design: Some variants feature integrated lugs, while others have separate, more pronounced lugs.
Second Hand: Some versions have a red second hand, others silver.
Date Window Frame: The golden frame can have different background colors (black or white).
Variants of the Raketa 3031
Variant 1
Dial: Silver with black rounded indices and silver hands.
Case: Rounded shape with integrated lugs.
Date and Day: Day indicated in Cyrillic and date with a golden frame and black background.
Variant 2
Dial: Silver with black rounded indices and silver hands. Red second hand.
Case: Rounded shape with separate, more pronounced lugs.
Date and Day: Day indicated in Cyrillic and date with a golden frame and white background.
Analysis of the Internal Movement
The photo of the Raketa 3031’s internal movement reveals a well-finished and decorated mechanism. The rotor of the automatic movement features particular decoration, highlighting the attention to detail typical of this model. This confirms the complexity and precision of the Raketa 3031, making it the most complicated Soviet watch ever produced.
Brochure Translation for Raketa 3031/303318
Description of Model 3031/303318
Model 3031/303318 — stainless steel case, waterproof — supports water pressure up to 20 atmospheres. The dial is silver, with a ray design, and a calendar window. The indices are in relief, silver-colored with black tips, filled with luminous material. The calendar frame is superimposed, silver-colored. The inscriptions are printed in black. Around the dial is a signal device ring, which also serves to measure underwater time. The hands are nickel-plated, with luminous material.
Rarity and Collecting
The Raketa 3031 is extremely rare and highly sought after by collectors. The current value of this watch ranges from €5,000 to €10,000. Its technical complexity and limited production contribute to its high market value.
Conclusion
The Raketa 3031 is an excellent example of Soviet watchmaking engineering. Its unique features, limited production, and distinctive design make it one of the most complex and appreciated watches among collectors worldwide. If you are a watch enthusiast, the Raketa 3031 is definitely a piece to add to your collection.
Reference Videos
For more details and an in-depth look at the features of this extraordinary watch, here are some useful videos:
Video by Dmitry Brodnikovskiy: “Самые дорогие часы СССР-легендарная Ракета 3031” Watch on YouTube
In the vast world of Soviet watches, each model possesses its own “passport,” a fundamental document that accompanies the watch and provides technical details, usage instructions, and warranty information. However, there are different models of passports depending on the brand and model of the watch. In this article, we will analyze the various parts of the passports of some iconic models such as the Vostok Amphibia, Molnija, and Zaria, providing transcriptions and translations to facilitate understanding.
Each passport is composed of two sides, each of which is divided into 4 or 5 sections. We will proceed with a detailed analysis of each side, illustrating the main parts, providing Cyrillic transcriptions and corresponding English translations. At the end of the transcription and translation of both sides, I will provide a discursive explanation of the content and use of the passport. Additionally, some codes and technical details will be linked to other articles on my blog for further insights.
Vostok Amphibia – 2409A
Fronte
Top Left Section
Transcription:
Чистопольский часовой завод
422950, ТССР г. Чистополь, ул. Энгельса, 127.
ТАЛОН № 1
на гарантийный ремонт часов наручных механических
«ВОСТОК-АМФИБИЯ» 2409А
в течение гарантийного срока
CERTIFICATE OF ACCEPTANCE
The mechanical wristwatch «Vostok-Amphibia» meets the requirements of TU 25-07.1347-77 and is deemed suitable for use.
Technical Data and Instructions
Transcription:
ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ДАННЫЕ
Класс точности – 1.
Средний суточный ход часов при температуре (20±5)°С в пределах от минус 20 до плюс 40 с/сут.
Число функциональных камней – 17.
Продолжительность действия часов от одной полной заводки пружины не менее 40 час.
Максимальная глубина погружения часов в воду не более 200 м.
Средний полный срок службы часов – 10 лет.
Часы “Восток-Амфибия” с централизованной секундной стрелкой.
Часы в водопроницаемом корпусе из нержавеющей стали, подверженные магнитным полям напряженностью 480±60 А/м.
ИНСТРУКЦИИ ПО ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ
Перед эксплуатацией часов, внимательно прочтите инструкцию. Часы предназначены для эксплуатации в пресной и соленой воде, в общем и грязной воде.
Для завода часов, отвинтите заводную головку и немного вытяните ее в сторону направления стрелки.
Для перевода стрелок, вытяните заводную головку в сторону и поверните ее в направлении стрелок до необходимого времени. Поверните заводную головку в исходное положение и полностью заверните.
Для завода часов, поверните заводную головку в обратном направлении до упора. Сверните заводную головку до конца.
Обращайте внимание, что вокруг заводной головки всегда есть кольцо воды.
Translation:
TECHNICAL DATA
Accuracy class – 1.
The average daily variation of the watch at a temperature of (20±5)°C ranges from -20 to +40 sec/day.
Number of functional rubies – 17.
Duration of operation of the watch with one full wind of the spring is at least 40 hours.
Maximum diving depth of the watch is no more than 200 m.
Average total service life of the watch is 10 years.
“Vostok-Amphibia” watches with a centralized second hand.
Watches in a waterproof case made of stainless steel, resistant to magnetic fields with an intensity of 480±60 A/m.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
Before using the watch, carefully read the instructions. The watch is designed for use in fresh and salt water, in general and dirty water.
To wind the watch, unscrew the crown and pull it slightly in the direction of the arrow.
To set the hands, pull the crown out and turn it in the direction of the hands until the desired time. Return the crown to its original position and tighten it completely.
To wind the watch, turn the crown in the opposite direction until it stops. Screw the crown completely.
Note that there is always a ring of water around the crown.
Top Right Section
Transcription:
Чистопольский часовой завод
422950, ТССР г. Чистополь, ул. Энгельса, 127.
ТАЛОН № 2
на гарантийный ремонт часов наручных механических
«ВОСТОК-АМФИБИЯ» 2409А
в течение гарантийного срока
COUPON № 2
for warranty repair of mechanical wristwatches
«VOSTOK-AMPHIBIA» 2409A
during the warranty period
Sold by store (trade name) _________
Store stamp ________________ 19___year
Work performed to correct deficiencies:
(signature) ____________ (date) _______________
Owner _______________ (signature) _______________
Approved by:
Head of workshop ___________ (signature) ____________
Stamp (name of household appliance) _______________
Date _______________ 19___year (signature) ____________
Bottom Section
Transcription:
Шифр внешнего оформления
Номер участка (бригад)
Дата выпуска
Шифр внешнего оформления
Номер участка (бригад)
Номер часов
Дата выпуска
Покрытие корпуса
золота серебра – Содержание драгоценных метал., г.
Свободная розничная цена
Артикул
КОД ОКД
Шифр внешнего оформления
Номер участка (бригад)
Дата выпуска
Translation:
External finish code
Site number (brigade)
Release date
External finish code
Site number (brigade)
Watch number
Release date
Case coating
gold silver – Precious metal content, g.
Retail price
Article
OKD code
External finish code
Site number (brigade)
Release date
Retro
Back of Passport – Block 1
Transcription:
Дает право на бесплатный гарантий-
ный ремонт часов в течение гарантий-
ного срока.
Виды работ поддержуки:
1. Разборка и промывка механизма с
заменой деталей и узлов
2. Разборка и промывка механизма без
замены деталей и узлов.
При отрыве талона мастерская ставит
на паспорте штамп и дату, что дает
право потребителю в случае некачествен-
но выполненных работ на повторное бес-
платное исправление часов в той же ма-
стерской.
При отправке часов в гарантийную ма-
стерскую часового завода почтовой по-
сылкой потребитель должен кратко опи-
сать причину, по которой он направляет
часы, и приложить справку гарантийной
мастерской. Посылку следует отправлять
без “наложенного платежа”.
Владелец и его адрес
Подпись
Translation:
Entitles to free warranty
repair of watches during the warranty
period.
Types of supported work:
1. Disassembly and washing of the mechanism with
replacement of parts and units
2. Disassembly and washing of the mechanism without
replacement of parts and units.
When detaching the coupon, the workshop places
a stamp and date on the passport, which gives
the consumer the right, in case of poorly
performed work, to a free correction of the watch in the same
workshop.
When sending the watch to the warranty
workshop of the factory by mail, the consumer must briefly
describe the reason for sending the watch and attach the
warranty workshop certificate. The package should be sent
without “cash on delivery”.
Owner and address
Signature
Back of Passport – Block 2
Transcription:
—переведите стрелки вращением головки, после установки
стрелок головку заверните.
Для замера времени в пределах часа началу шкалы пово-
ротного ранта совместите с минутной стрелкой и отсчет веди-
те по шкале ранта.
Для сохранения свечения светосостава не подвергайте ци-
ферблат длительному воздействию солнечных лучей.
Для надежного функционирования часов соблюдайте сле-
дующие правила:
— оберегайте часы от падения, резких ударов, от воздействия
химических продуктов;
— не открывайте корпус часов во избежание попадания пыли
и грязи в механизм;
— при отвинчивания заводной головки убедитесь в отсутствии
капель воды вокруг неё;
— не отвинчивайте заводную головку часом, находящихся в
воде;
— перед погружением в воду убедитесь, что заводная головка
полностью завернута.
Часы рассчитаны на долговечный срок службы с периодиче-
ской чисткой, смазкой и регулировкой, не реже одного раза
в три года в послегарантийный период эксплуатации.
Translation:
—Set the hands by turning the crown, after setting
the hands, tighten the crown.
To measure the time within an hour, align the start of the scale of the
rotating bezel with the minute hand and count according to the bezel scale.
To preserve the luminescence of the luminescent composition, do not expose the
dial to direct sunlight for a long time.
For reliable operation of the watch, follow these
rules:
— protect the watch from drops, sharp impacts, and exposure to
chemical products;
— do not open the case of the watch to avoid getting dust and
dirt into the mechanism;
— when unscrewing the crown, make sure there are no
water drops around it;
— do not unscrew the crown while the watch is in
water;
— before immersing in water, make sure the crown
is fully tightened.
The watch is designed for a long service life with periodic
cleaning, lubrication, and adjustment, at least once
every three years during the post-warranty period of use.
Back of Passport – Block 3
Transcription:
ГАРАНТИЙНЫЕ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬСТВА
Гарантийный срок эксплуатации часов — 1 год со дня про-
дажи через розничную торговую сеть.
Гарантия не распространяется на часы:
без паспорта;
с истекшим сроком гарантии;
с нарушением правил эксплуатации, указанных в настоя-
щем паспорте.
Адрес гарантийной мастерской завода: 422950, ТССР,
г. Чистополь, ул. Энгельса, 127, часовой завод.
Не качественные часы обмениваются в магазине согласно
«Правилам обмена промышленных товаров».
Translation:
WARRANTY OBLIGATIONS
The warranty period of the watch is 1 year from the date of
sale through the retail network.
The warranty does not apply to watches:
without a passport;
with an expired warranty period;
with violations of the operating rules indicated in the
passport.
Address of the factory warranty workshop: 422950, TSSR,
Chistopol, Engels Street, 127, watch factory.
Defective watches are exchanged in the store according to the
«Rules for the exchange of industrial goods».
Back of Passport – Block 4
Transcription:
Дает право на бесплатный гарантий-
ный ремонт часов при котором произво-
дятся работы без разборки механизма.
Владелец и его адрес:
Подпись
ЛИНИЯ ОТРЕЗА
Требуйте при изъятии талона заполнения корешка
Translation:
Entitles to free warranty
repair of watches during which
work is carried out without disassembling the mechanism.
Owner and address:
Signature
LINE OF CUTTING
Require the completion of the stub when removing the coupon
Front of the Passport
Basic Information and Warranty: The passport begins with basic information about the Chistopol watch factory, providing the complete address. The watch model, “Vostok-Amphibia” caliber 2409A, is specified, and the date of sale is indicated with the shop stamp and the owner’s signature.
Technical Data: The technical characteristics of the watch are listed, including the accuracy class, the average daily variation, the number of functional rubies, and the duration of operation with a full wind. Additionally, the maximum diving depth and the total service life of the watch are indicated.
Usage Instructions: The instructions explain how to properly use the watch, including how to wind it, set the hands, and ensure the crown is securely screwed before immersion in water. The importance of avoiding prolonged exposure to direct sunlight to preserve the dial’s luminosity is emphasized.
Bottom Section: The bottom section of the passport contains various codes and numbers related to the external finish, site number, release date, watch number, case coating, precious metal content, retail price, and item number.
Back of the Passport
Warranty Obligations: The back of the passport begins with a section dedicated to warranty obligations. It specifies that during the warranty period, the watch is repaired free of charge by presenting the manufacturer’s workshop certificate, the commercial organization’s stamp, the date of sale, and the owner’s signature. However, the warranty does not cover the glass, strap, bracelet, case (metal), and mechanisms damaged by shocks or other defects caused by the consumer.
Warranty Conditions: It is reiterated that the warranty period is 1 year from the date of sale through the retail network. The warranty does not apply to watches without a passport, with an expired warranty period, or with violations of the usage rules indicated in the passport. The address of the manufacturer’s warranty workshop is provided for any repairs.
Repair Guidelines: The document continues with repair guidelines, specifying that the free repair covers work without disassembling the mechanism. The owner is asked to properly fill out the stub when removed and to ensure no water droplets around the crown when unscrewed.
Final Notes: Finally, the passport concludes with a reminder to require the completion of the stub when removed and the owner’s signature.
The Vostok Banana, also known as the Vostok Amphibia “Banana,” is a Soviet dive watch that has captured the attention of collectors due to its distinctive design and fascinating history. This article provides a detailed comparison of this watch with the iconic Omega Seamaster 200 “Banana,” from which it draws inspiration.
Features of the Vostok Banana
Dial and Bezel:
The Vostok Banana features a yellow dial with black details. The 1990 Tento catalogue shows a black bakelite bezel, but many examples have a chrome bezel.
The hands are flat and filled with permanent-action phosphor for visibility.
Case:
The case is made of stainless steel, designed to withstand depths of up to 200 meters. It has a robust and durable shape typical of dive watches.
Movement:
The Vostok uses the automatic 2409A movement, known for its reliability and simplicity. This movement is less sophisticated than those used in luxury watches but still offers good precision.
Value and History:
With reference 320228, the Vostok Banana was introduced in the 1990 Tento catalogue, following the Omega. It is appreciated for its unique design and historical value, representing an accessible entry into the world of vintage watches for collectors.
Vostok Amphibia Banana
Features of the Omega Seamaster 200 “Banana”
Dial and Bezel:
The Omega Seamaster 200 “Banana” is known for its yellow dial with a grey border and a two-tone red and black bezel. This bold design is a symbol of the experimental aesthetics of the 1970s.
Case:
The stainless steel case has a diameter of 41 mm and a screw-down case back, ensuring water resistance up to 200 meters. The robust construction is ideal for diving.
Movement:
The Omega uses the automatic calibre 565, renowned for its precision and durability. It includes a date function and offers superior performance compared to simpler movements.
Value and History:
Introduced in 1972, the Omega Seamaster 200 “Banana” is highly sought after by collectors for its rarity and quality. Well-preserved examples can fetch high prices at auctions.
Direct Comparison
Design Quality and Materials:
The Omega Seamaster 200 “Banana” uses high-quality materials and finishes, with a sophisticated movement that justifies its high price. The Vostok Banana, while well-constructed, uses more economical materials, making it a more accessible option for collectors.
Movement and Precision:
The Omega calibre 565 offers greater precision and reliability compared to the Vostok 2409A movement, making the Omega preferable for those seeking superior performance.
Market Value:
The Omega Seamaster 200 “Banana” has a significantly higher market value due to its rarity and quality. The Vostok Banana is much more affordable but still appreciated for its design and history.
History and Iconicity:
Both watches have fascinating histories, but the Omega Seamaster 200 “Banana” is considered an icon of 1970s design. The Vostok Banana is seen as a Soviet homage to this legendary design, keeping the tradition alive with its variants.
The Luminous Paste Issue of the Vostok Banana
One common criticism of the Vostok Banana is the application of luminous paste on the dial. Often, the luminescence appears irregular and hand-applied, resulting in less than optimal results. This issue can be attributed to several factors:
Material Quality: The chemical components used in the luminous paste may be of lower quality, leading to a less uniform application and reduced luminescence longevity.
Hand Production: Many Vostok watches are hand-assembled, and the luminous paste is applied manually, causing significant variations in application quality.
Quality Control: Tolerance in quality control can vary. Some examples show good luminescence application, while others may have obvious defects.
Storage Conditions: Exposure to extreme storage conditions, such as excessive heat and cold, can deteriorate the luminous paste, reducing its effectiveness and stability over time.
Identifying Fake Vostok Banana Dials
There are several ways to identify fake Vostok Banana dials:
Markings Print: Fake dials often have thicker, less defined markings. Fine, detailed printing is hard to replicate.
Detail Alignment: Authentic dials have well-aligned details and lines. Fakes may show noticeable misalignments.
Luminous Quality: On fake dials, the luminous paste application can be even more irregular and less uniform than on originals.
Internal Movement: Checking the internal movement can be a good indicator. Fakes often do not use original Vostok movements.
Modern Versions and Special Editions of the Vostok Banana
Meranom offers modern and Special Edition versions of the Vostok Banana. These models feature improvements in material quality and finishes while retaining the iconic design:
Special Edition (SE): SE versions include high-quality dials and custom stainless steel bezels. They use special variations of the 2409A movement and are sold exclusively on Meranom.
Classic and SE Amphibia: These versions have better assembly quality and control, with dials free from visible defects and improved materials.
These modern editions keep the spirit of the original Vostok Banana alive while offering enhanced quality for today’s enthusiasts.
Vostok Amphibia SE Rising Banana
Conclusion
The Vostok Banana and the Omega Seamaster 200 “Banana” represent two distinct approaches to dive watch design. The Omega stands out for its superior quality and technical sophistication, making it a high-value collector’s piece. The Vostok, while less sophisticated, provides affordable access to the vintage charm and history of these iconic designs, making it a popular choice among Vostok Banana collectors.
The Baikonur Azia-TV Poljot watch is an iconic piece celebrating Soviet space achievements. With its unique design and historical significance, it is highly sought after by collectors. This article explores the watch’s technical details, the history of AZIA-TV, and the context where these elements intersect.
Poljot Baiukonur Azia-TV
Technical Details of the Watch
Movement: Poljot 2614.2H
Diameter: 34mm
Functions: Date indicator
Design: Black dial with a red star and Yuri Gagarin’s image
Produced between the late 1980s and early 1990s, this watch pays tribute to Soviet space missions, referencing the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.
The History of AZIA-TV
“АЗИЯ-ТВ” (AZIA-TV) was a television company operating in Kazakhstan in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Based in Almaty, it was part of a broader movement of independent broadcasters like “Otrar” and “Dala”. These channels played a crucial role in diversifying Kazakhstan’s post-Soviet media landscape, offering a variety of content including news, cultural programs, and entertainment.
Connections with Baikonur
Baikonur is renowned for its cosmodrome, the launch site for numerous Soviet space missions. While there are no direct references to specific collaborations between AZIA-TV and Baikonur, it is plausible that the channel featured content related to space activities due to regional ties and the cosmodrome’s importance.
Development of the Television Industry in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan’s television industry began developing in the 1950s, with significant growth in the following decades. By the 1980s, television broadcasting had expanded considerably, offering mixed programming in Kazakh and Russian. The emergence of independent broadcasters like AZIA-TV marked an important shift towards a more diverse national media landscape.
Conclusion
The Baikonur Azia-TV Poljot watch is more than just a timepiece; it is a piece of history celebrating Soviet space achievements and the dynamic post-Soviet media landscape in Kazakhstan. This makes the watch of great interest to both collectors and history enthusiasts.
The CARDI Vostok watch brand represents a unique collaboration between Western design and Russian mechanical precision. Founded in the early 1990s, this brand distinguished itself with unique designs and the use of high-quality movements produced by the renowned Vostok watch factory.
Origins and History
The history of CARDI Vostok begins in 1991, shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The name “Cardi” is derived from the abbreviation of “Car Design Studio,” a Russian company specializing in automobile customization. In an attempt to diversify its activities, Cardi began collaborating with the Vostok watch factory to produce watches with a more “Western” aesthetic (WatchUSeek Watch Forums) (WatchUSeek Watch Forums).
The early models of CARDI Vostok were known for their innovative design and the use of materials such as brass and cheap alloys, mainly produced by the Minsk Watch Factory. These watches were considered high quality, but over time the quality of the materials declined, leading the brand to lose popularity and cease production around 2009 (Sovietaly).
Design and Movements
Cardi Vostok Racingtime GP
CARDI Vostok models combine Cardi’s creative design with Vostok’s robust mechanical movements. The designs were often inspired by the automotive world, with names like “Capitan,” “MVM Sport,” “GP,” “Racing Time,” and “Radar” (WatchUSeek Watch Forums).
The watches used high-quality mechanical movements, such as the 2409 caliber produced by the Vostok factory. Some later models used movements from the 1st Moscow Watch Factory (Poljot) and the Slava factory, in addition to the original Vostok movements. However, after being acquired by Interex-Orion in 2000, the brand began using Chinese movements to reduce costs, further impacting the overall quality of the watches (WatchCrunch) (WatchUSeek Watch Forums).
Cardi Vostok Racingtime GP
Decline and End of Production
Despite initial success, various factors led to the brand’s decline. The quality of the materials used decreased over time, and the introduction of Chinese movements compromised the brand’s reputation for quality. These changes led to a drop in sales and, ultimately, the cessation of production around 2009. Today, Cardi has withdrawn from the watch market and refocused on automotive design (Sovietaly) (WatchUSeek Watch Forums).
Conclusion
CARDI Vostok watches represent an interesting chapter in the history of Russian watchmaking, characterized by a mix of Western design and Russian mechanics. Although production has ceased, these watches remain collectible items for vintage watch enthusiasts and symbolize a period of transition and innovation.
Among Russian watches, the Vostok Desert Shield stands out as a hero of numerous urban legends, misunderstandings, stories, and fictional anecdotes. Below, we explore the history and various versions of this iconic watch.
Origins and Creation
The American newspaper Beverly Times mentions the birth of the Vostok Desert Shield on January 28, 1991. The article, likely an advertorial, highlights Bruce Erikson, an American businessman who had the idea of importing “Made in the USSR” watches to the United States. Erikson founded Timepeace Russian Watches Inc. in 1990, commissioning the Vostok factory in Chistopol to produce 10,000 watches to commemorate Operation “Desert Shield” during the Gulf War.
An article from the Beverly Times dated January 28, 1991, highlighting the promotion of the Vostok Desert Shield watch by Timepeace CEO Bruce Erikson.
The Flag Research Centre worked on the dial image, creating the famous design that combined the American flag with a palm tree and two green Arabian sabres, in homage to the Kingdom of Hejaz and the Sultanate of Nejd, united in 1932 to become Saudi Arabia. Erikson also intended to send a watch to President Bush. These watches were not intended for American soldiers serving during the Gulf War; the entire initiative was purely commercial.
Production Details and Various Versions
It seems that the actual production increased to 40,000 units, divided into several series worth distinguishing and analyzing.
First Series
The first series of the Desert Shield is recognizable by the absence of the Vostok B logo on the dial, with the inscription “Made in USSR.” The case is the 420 Amphibian, combined with a bezel with a luminous dot at 12, four small red dots, and seven black dots. The hands are those of the Amphibia, with the seconds hand red and a luminous “lollipop.”
The Timepeace logo is engraved on the case back, which also bears the words “VOSTOK,” “Series I,” “USSR,” “Self Winding,” “SS Case,” “Watertight 200m,” “21 jewels,” and a five-digit serial number. The movement is an automatic Vostok 2416B, with the words “twenty-one” and “21 jewels” written in black on the oscillating weight.
The watch was sold for $149, with a discount for military personnel at $99. It was sold with documents in English, suggesting it was intended for the American market, supporting the idea that it was not a military watch but an accessory available in outlets.
Vostok Komandirskie Operation Desert Shield
Second Series
This version had an identical dial to the first series but some differences. The case remained the 420 steel model, but the coordinated bezel became the standard Amphibia one, with slightly larger red dots.
The case back had the Timepeace logo and the inscriptions “VOSTOK” or “VREMIR,” “USSR,” “Self-Winding,” “SS Case,” “Watertight 200m,” “21 jewels,” and a six-digit serial number. The movement remained the automatic 2416B, with the inscriptions “twenty-one” and “21 jewels” not in black.
When we talk about the possibility of finding the VOSTOK or VREMIR logo on the case back, we should add that “VREMIR” combines two words: “VREMIA” (time) and “MIR” (peace). “Vremir” was a registered trademark of Timepeaces Russian Watches Inc. in 1991. This detail on the case back is a sort of nod to the company’s name.
This series also had documents in Russian, indicating they were sold both in the United States and in Russia. The number of units produced remains unknown.
Vostok Komandirskie Operation Desert Shield
“Cadet” Model
Another popular model is the 34 mm Cadet model, distinctive for the inscription on the dial “Desert Shield” on the left semicircle and “Desert Storm” on the right semicircle, instead of “Operation Desert Shield,” indicating a design developed after 1991.
The case is the “Cadet” model, measuring 34 mm, with spear-shaped hands for the hours and minutes. The movement is the 2409A, 17 jewels with manual winding. The case back bears the Timepeace logo and the words “Vremir,” “USSR,” “Watertight 50m,” “17 jewels,” “Shockproof,” “SS back,” and a six-digit serial number.
This model often appears in small cases with standard Vostok case backs and is included in a 1993 Vostok catalog.
Other Versions
Browsing the internet or exploring flea markets, you can find Vostok Desert Shield watches with variations from the described models. These might have different case backs, more similar to standard Vostok designs, or dials with the Vostok “B” logo. It is believed that Vostok had a surplus of dials and assembled watches using different Komandirskie or Amphibia cases from the 420. These versions featured the “B” logo and used different cases or movements depending on the period.
Vympel Version
A very special version of the Desert Shield is known with the inscription Alcor Vostok (Алькор Восток) on the case back, a model that at first glance might seem like a fake made with a standard Chinese Tongji calibre, but several elements suggest authentic production, albeit bizarre.
This model is often attributed to the Belarusian factory Vitebsk Instrument-Making Plant, known for using standard Chinese Tongji calibres for its production. The attention to detail and the presence of Vostok logos on the calibre, dial, and case back suggest that, for some particular reason, the production was requested by Vostok. The case design suggests a Vympel, a brand that often used standard Chinese Tongji calibres for its production.
Vympel Vostok Operation Desert Shield
Modern Versions and Legacy
The Vostok Desert Shield has been honoured several times, with modern and contemporary models updated following new Vostok productions. The museum in Chistopol, where the Vostok factory is located, displays two examples of the Desert Shield, indicating its historical and commercial importance.
Despite its commercial origins, the Vostok Desert Shield is a fascinating artefact, reflecting a combination of history, marketing, and craftsmanship. Its history, linked to the Gulf War and the cultural exchange between the USA and the USSR, continues to capture the attention of watch enthusiasts and collectors worldwide.
BEVERLY – Timepeace Russian Watches Inc., a Hale Street inport company that formed a year ago, is selling a watch made in the Soviet Union to commemorate Operation Desert Shield.
In the last month, the company already has given away about 300 of the 10,000 limited edition Russian military watches to troops stationed in Saudi Arabia.
Timepeace CEO Bruce Erikson, who runs the company out of his Hale Street home, is saving the first Operation Desert Shield watch made to personally present to President Bush in the future.
“Operation Desert Shield gave peace a chance,” says Erikson, who runs Timepeace with partners Bruce Corwin and W. Edgar Cornish. “America has emerged as the peace-keeping force in the world. Part of a peaceful world order is stopping an aggressor like Saddam Hussein.”
Erikson’s company is promoting the $149 watch among veterans group publications and in various upscale department stores as a way to show support for American soldiers fighting in the Middle East and their families at home.
Designed by the Flag Research Center in Winchester, the face of the Operation Desert Shield watch features an American flag, a palm tree and crossed sabers.
While Erikson admits the outbreak of war in the Persian Gulf was an unfortunate turn of events, he points out one opportunity it presents for many Americans.
“It’s an opportunity for some people to relive the Vietnam experience in a better way,” Erikson says. “People have come to understand the importance of supporting a war effort at home.”
Erikson was introduced to the high quality of Russian watches last year when he and his wife, Lynne, visited the Soviet Union as chaperons with a group from the Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School chorus.
When he returned, Erikson and the partners in the investment company he also runs out of his home began importing watches as Timepeace Russian Watches Inc.
Erikson’s new company would not only fan the embers of free enterprise in the Soviet Union, but also take advantage of what the 43-year-old entrepreneur considers one of Russia’s best-kept secrets.
It’s kind of a secret the Russians have because they have been cut off from the rest of the world for so long.
Vostok watches, produced in Russia, are icons of reliability and robustness in the watchmaking world. Known for their ability to withstand extreme conditions, these watches are cherished by both collectors and enthusiasts. Their history dates back to the Soviet era, during which they were developed to meet the needs of both the military and civilians. In this article, we will explore in detail the identification codes used to describe the movements and cases of Vostok watches. For convenience, the notation ABCDE/FGHIJKH is taken from the site: netgrafik.ch.
Understanding Vostok Watch Codes
Russian/Soviet movement and case codes follow a specific format: ABCDE/FGHIJKH.
ABCDE
AB: Movement diameter in mm.
CD, CDE: Soviet movement specification. For more details, refer to the table at the bottom of the page.
FGH
FGH: Case variation. Each combination of numbers represents a different case design or style.
I
I: Case material. Here are some examples from Vostok models:
0: Stainless steel and other metals without plating.
1: Chrome plated.
2: Gold plated.
3: Gilded (at least 5 microns).
4: Colour coated.
5: Synthetic, polymer, rubber.
7: Titanium alloy.
9: Glass, crystal, ceramics, marble.
JKH
JKH: Handset. Each combination represents a specific type of hands used on the watch.
Classification of Vostok Cases
The table below categorises the different cases used in Vostok watch models. The information is organised by case code (FGH), case material (I), watch model, and case shape.
Vostok Case Table
Case Code FGH
Material I
Handset Code JKH
Model
Case Material
Case Shape
35
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Tonneau
119
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Octagonal
71
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Octagonal
47
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Carre
32
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Tonneau
937
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Round
96
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Big Lug
25
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Ministry
02
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Round
42
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Round
62
7
XXX
Amphibia
Titanium alloy
Tonneau
38
1
XXX
Komandirskie
Chrome plated
Round
38
3
XXX
Komandirskie
Gold plated
Round
78
1
XXX
Komandirskie
Chrome plated
Round
78
3
XXX
Komandirskie
Gold plated
Round
44
1
XXX
Komandirskie
Chrome plated
Carre
44
3
XXX
Komandirskie
Gold plated
Carre
79
1
XXX
Komandirskie
Chrome plated
Round
79
3
XXX
Komandirskie
Gold plated
Round
139
1
XXX
Komandirskie
Chrome plated
Round
139
3
XXX
Komandirskie
Gold plated
Round
29
1
XXX
Komandirskie
Chrome plated
Round
29
3
XXX
Komandirskie
Gold plated
Round
34
1
XXX
Komandirskie
Chrome plated
Carre
34
9
XXX
Komandirskie
TiN
Carre
33
1
XXX
Komandirskie
Chrome plated
Tonneau
33
9
XXX
Komandirskie
TiN
Tonneau
09
1
XXX
Generalskie
Chrome plated
Round
Case Materials
Vostok watch cases are made from various materials, each with its own durability and aesthetic characteristics:
Stainless Steel (0): Offers exceptional resistance to corrosion and long durability. It is the predominant material for Amphibia models, known for their robustness.
Chrome Plated (1): Primarily used in Komandirskie models, providing a shiny finish and good corrosion resistance.
Gold Plated (3): Found in some Komandirskie models, giving a luxurious and refined appearance.
Titanium Alloy (7): Lightweight and highly resistant, used in models like the Amphibia for increased durability.
TiN (Titanium Nitride) (9): Known for its extreme hardness and scratch resistance, providing a distinctive golden finish.
Case Shapes
Vostok watch cases come in various shapes, each with a unique design to suit different tastes and aesthetic preferences:
Tonneau: An elegant, barrel-shaped design.
Octagonal: An eight-sided design often associated with robustness.
Carre: A square or rectangular shape offering a classic look.
Round: The most common and versatile shape, suitable for any style.
Main Models
Amphibia: Famous for their water resistance and robust construction, these watches feature cases in stainless steel or titanium alloy. Originally designed for the Soviet naval forces, they have become popular among divers and adventurers.
Komandirskie: Inspired by military style, these watches, though not officially used by the military, are available in chrome plated, gold plated, and TiN versions. They are known for their classic design and reliability.
Generalskie: These watches also feature a military-inspired style but lack evidence of official military use. They often include models with chrome plated cases.
Conclusion
Vostok watches perfectly combine history, engineering, and design. The diversity of cases, in terms of materials, models, and shapes, offers enthusiasts a wide range of choices. Whether you are a collector or simply a watch lover, Vostok models with their unique characteristics and reliability make an excellent choice. Their history and continuous evolution make them a fascinating topic for anyone interested in horology.
“Il tempo nello spazio” by Anna Pegna is a book that has captured the interest of many collectors and enthusiasts of Russian and Soviet horology. Published by Effequ in 2010, this text offers a detailed exploration of watches and astronautic enterprises in 20th-century Russia, making it an essential work for those who wish to better understand the interplay between technology, history, and Soviet space adventures. The title in Italian translates to “The Time in Space” in English.
Copertina del libro ‘Il tempo nello spazio’ di Anna Pegna, edito da Effequ, che racconta la storia degli orologi russi legati alle missioni spaziali del Novecento.
A Masterpiece Sought After by Collectors
“Il tempo nello spazio” is out of print and can only be found second-hand. Even the author, Anna Pegna, no longer has the original files, making a reprint impossible. This factor has increased the book’s value among collectors, making it a highly sought-after item.
A Detailed and Engaging Analysis
Chapter 1: The Beginnings
The first chapter, titled “Gli inizi” (“The Beginnings”), traces the history of Russian watchmaking from the Tsarist era to the October Revolution. 19th-century Russia is depicted as a primarily agricultural country with few industries and little tradition in watchmaking. The narrative focuses on early watchmaking experiences, such as that of Pavel Bure, who founded a factory in 1815 using Swiss movements. The contributions of pioneers like Piotr Vasil’evich Khautskij and Konstantin Tsiolkovskij, who laid the groundwork for future precision mechanics and Russian astronautics, are also highlighted.
Chapter 2: The First Factories of the New Regime
The second chapter examines the transformations that occurred after the October Revolution when the Soviet government recognised the importance of precision production. The acquisition and transfer of the American Dueber-Hampden factory to Russia marked the beginning of Soviet watch production. The establishment of the First State Watch Factory in Moscow and the introduction of early Soviet models like the Type-1 are described. This chapter also illustrates the initial difficulties and the need to develop an autonomous production independent of foreign technology.
Chapter 3: War-Time Watch Factories
The third chapter, “Le fabbriche di orologi di guerra” (“War-Time Watch Factories”), describes the crucial role of watchmaking during World War II. Soviet factories were relocated eastward to protect them from German attacks, focusing on producing military watches and precision instruments for aviation and the navy. The chapter recounts the story of the Zlatoust factory, which continued producing ammunition and parts for Katiusha rockets, and the Second Moscow Watch Factory, which moved to Chistopol. The strategic importance of precision watches in military operations is emphasised.
Chapter 4: Watch Factories in the Soviet System
The fourth chapter focuses on the organisation and management of watch factories within the Soviet system. Factories were not autonomous entities but part of a single state system. Each factory had its distinctive brands but often shared technologies and movements. This chapter explores how factories collaborated and integrated into the broader context of the Soviet planned economy.
Chapter 5: The Post-War Period
The fifth chapter, “Il dopoguerra” (“The Post-War Period”), describes the resumption of watch production after the war. Factories resumed mass production and introduced new models like the Pobeda. This chapter also examines the influence of German technology on Soviet chronographs and the role of war reparations in rebuilding the watch industry. The history of movements under LIP licence and the evolution of major factories like Kirova and Raketa are detailed.
Chapter 6: Men (and Women) in Space
This chapter offers an overview of Soviet space enterprises and the crucial role of watches in these missions. The stories of Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space, and the Shturmanskie watch he wore, along with key figures like Valentina Tereskova, the first woman in space, and Alexey Leonov, the first man to perform a spacewalk, are narrated alongside the watches that accompanied them.
Chapter 7: Beyond the Iron Curtain
The seventh chapter explores the spread and influence of Soviet watches beyond the USSR’s borders. The chapter details how these watches became popular in Eastern Bloc countries and were perceived in the West, highlighting export strategies and the international reputation of Soviet watches.
Chapter 8: Other Soviet Factories
This chapter focuses on other significant but less well-known Soviet watch factories. The histories of factories like Raketa, Chaika, Zarja, and Molnija and their unique contributions to Soviet horology are described. The peculiarities of each factory and their distinctive models are explored.
Chapter 9: After Khrushchev
The ninth chapter analyses the transformations in the Soviet watch industry following Khrushchev’s fall. It examines how Brezhnev’s policies influenced production and technological development. This chapter also describes the new models introduced during this period and the challenges faced by the industry.
Chapter 10: Watches of the 1970s
The tenth chapter focuses on the watches produced in the 1970s, a period of innovation and diversification. Iconic models like the Raketa Copernicus and Poljot Okean are described. The chapter examines design trends and emerging technologies of this decade.
Chapter 11: Watches of the 1980s
This chapter explores developments in Soviet watchmaking during the 1980s. The influence of the 1980 Moscow Olympics on watch production and the impact of political and social events on the industry are described. Models like Poljot and Vostok are discussed in detail.
Chapter 12: Spacecraft and Space Stations
The twelfth chapter offers an overview of Soviet space missions and the watches used aboard spacecraft and space stations. The chapter describes the role of watches in timing and coordinating space missions, highlighting the importance of precision and reliability.
Chapter 13: Epilogue
The final chapter, “Epilogo” (“Epilogue”), summarises the main themes of the book and reflects on the legacy of Soviet horology. The historical and cultural relevance of Soviet watches and their place in modern collecting are discussed. The chapter concludes with considerations on the importance of preserving this historical heritage.
A Must-Read for Enthusiasts
The book is highly praised for being well-written and engaging, providing not only technical details about the watches but also a rich historical narrative that contextualises technological evolution within the scope of Soviet space adventures. This book is a must-have for anyone passionate about Russian and Soviet horology, especially those interested in space exploration stories.
The Unique Appeal of Soviet Watches
One of the most fascinating aspects of the book is the description of Russian watches, known for their robustness and precision. These watches, offered at affordable prices, were the first to leave Earth’s atmosphere, accompanying astronauts like Gagarin and Leonov on their historic missions.
Conclusion
“Il tempo nello spazio” by Anna Pegna is a work that offers a unique perspective on Soviet horology and 20th-century space enterprises. Although out of print, this book remains a treasure for collectors and enthusiasts, representing a piece of history that combines engineering, adventure, and military history. If you haven’t read this book yet, searching for and acquiring it is an investment that will undoubtedly enrich your understanding and appreciation of Russian and Soviet horology.
Soviet commemorative watches are highly sought after by collectors, but there are often fakes sold at high prices. This article aims to help collectors verify the authenticity of a Pobeda Lunochod 1 watch with a black dial, using detailed analysis methods such as microscopy.
Technical Details of the Pobeda Lunochod 1 Watch
The Pobeda Lunochod 1 watch, equipped with a Pobeda 2602 mechanical movement, is known for its reliability and simplicity. The case, usually made of chrome-plated brass, houses silver-colored hands for hours, minutes, and seconds. The black dial, celebrating the 1970 Lunochod 1 mission, is decorated with the image of the Soviet rover and other Cyrillic inscriptions.
fake Zim Pobeda Lunochod I 1970 front
Dial Authenticity: Real or Fake?
Many collectors wonder if the commemorative dial of the Pobeda Lunochod 1 is authentic or a fake. To answer this question, it is necessary to analyze the dial with appropriate tools, such as a microscope.
fake Zim Pobeda Lunochod I 1970 dial
Microscopic Analysis
Microscopic images of the black dial reveal important details that help determine authenticity:
Modern Printing: The images clearly show that the dial was printed using modern techniques. The writings are not concentric and exhibit ink print quality, with a color mixture visible especially on the indices.
Lack of Documentation: In Soviet catalogs of the time, there is no trace of wristwatches dedicated to the Lunochod rovers. This strongly suggests that these dials were produced later to deceive collectors.
Suspicious Details
In addition to the print quality, there are other clues suggesting the dial is not authentic:
Perfect Condition: Too many examples for sale are in almost perfect condition, an unusual characteristic for watches produced in the 1970s.
Layout and Colors: The dial design, with misaligned writings and colors not typical of authentic Soviet models, is another clue of falsity.
fake Zim Pobeda Lunochod I 1970 detail
fake Zim Pobeda Lunochod I 1970 detail
fake Zim Pobeda Lunochod I 1970 detail
Lunochod Commemorative Watches: A Rarity
To date, there are no known authentic wristwatches commemorating the Lunochod rovers. Some Soviet pocket watches seem to take this name, but there is no concrete evidence linking these models to the Lunochod space missions.
Conclusions
After careful analysis, it is clear that the commemorative dial of the Pobeda Lunochod 1 is a fake. This conclusion is based on microscopic analysis of the print, lack of official documentation, and other suspicious characteristics. Collectors are advised to be cautious and always thoroughly verify authenticity before making a purchase.
A Space Odyssey: The Lunochod Missions
Lunochod 1
Lunochod 1 was the first automated lunar rover, launched by the Soviet Union in 1970. This historic mission explored the lunar soil, sending crucial data on the composition of the ground and the lunar environment back to Earth. Powered by solar panels and equipped with eight independently driven wheels, the rover traveled a distance of 10.5 km on the lunar surface, significantly contributing to our understanding of lunar geology.
Lunochod 2
Lunochod 2, launched on January 8, 1973, was the successor to Lunochod 1. This rover featured an advanced telecontrol system and a series of improved scientific instruments, including an X-ray analyzer, a magnetometer, and an alpha particle detector. During its nearly five-month mission, Lunochod 2 traveled a distance of 37 km on the lunar surface, providing valuable data on the composition of the lunar soil and the resistance of materials to extreme lunar temperatures.
Discoveries and Contributions of Lunochod 2
One of Lunochod 2’s most significant discoveries was a small crater, which was subsequently named in its honor. The information collected by the rover contributed to a deeper understanding of lunar geology, influencing the planning of future space missions.
Lunochod 3 and Beyond: Unfulfilled Plans
Lunochod 3 was planned for a lunar mission but was never launched. The rover is currently displayed in a museum in Moscow. This rover would have benefited from the lessons learned from previous missions, but its mission was canceled due to budget cuts and changes in Soviet space policy priorities.
The Fourth Rover: An Early Failure
The first attempt to launch a Lunochod rover failed in 1969 when the carrier rocket was destroyed shortly after launch. This incident highlighted the technical difficulties and risks associated with space exploration, but it did not stop the successes of subsequent missions.
Resources for Further Reading
For those who wish to deepen their knowledge of Soviet and Russian watches, here are some pertinent and specific links:
Introduction The precision of Russian watches is a fascinating topic for many watch enthusiasts. Often, people wonder how accurate they are compared to their Swiss counterparts. This article explores the precision of Russian watches, debunking myths and providing concrete data for enthusiasts and collectors.
Historical Context and C.O.S.C. To understand the precision of Russian watches, it is useful to start with the reference parameters of Swiss precision. The C.O.S.C. (Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronomètres) is the Swiss body that certifies the precision of watch movements. Founded in 1973, this institution measures the precision of movements with a tolerance of -4/+6 seconds per day.
The Soviet Quality Mark: GOST In the Soviet Union, the quality mark for industrial products, including watches, was “ГOСT” (GOST). Established in 1967, it certified products based on strict standards, with a particular focus on the final product rather than the production process.
Precision of Russian Watches Russian calibers, such as the Vostok 2414A, have a declared precision of -20/+40 seconds per day at a temperature of 20°C (+/- 5°C). This range may seem broad compared to Swiss standards, but many enthusiasts find that individual pieces can exceed these expectations with proper maintenance and adjustments.
Factors Influencing Precision Several factors can influence the precision of a Russian watch: the manufacturing plant, the production period, and the conditions of use. Russian watches are known for their robustness and longevity, with a recommended service interval of at least ten years.
Maintenance and Adjustment To keep a Russian watch in good condition, periodic service and precise adjustments are essential. A timegrapher can be a useful tool for monitoring accuracy and making necessary adjustments.
Conclusions Although they do not always reach the precision of Swiss chronometers, Russian watches offer a unique combination of robustness, history, and charm. They are ideal for collectors who appreciate variety and robust engineering.
A classic Vostok Komandirskie with a TiN-finished case immediately caught my attention, primarily due to the uniqueness of its dial and also because, despite not particularly liking gold-finished watches, this one is decidedly appealing. The white dial probably balances the overall design well.
Determining the Production Date of the Watch
One of the key questions concerns the production date of the commemorative watch. Considering the 50th anniversary of the Central Military Aviation Research Hospital, the production date can be set around 1992. This calculation is based on the fact that the hospital was founded in 1942, making 1992 the 50th anniversary year. The lack of any reference to the USSR or Russia on the dial further supports this hypothesis, suggesting that the watch was commissioned and produced during the post-Soviet transition period.
Vostok Komandirskie Central Research Aviation Hospital
The Commemorative Vostok Komandirskie
The Vostok Komandirskie created for the 50th anniversary of the Central Military Aviation Research Hospital is a unique and meaningful watch. Its distinctive aesthetics and build quality make it a coveted piece for collectors.
Watch Description
Case: The case is made of brass coated with titanium nitride (TiN), a material known for its resistance and durability. This gives the watch a golden yet robust appearance.
Dial: The white dial features raised gold indices that add a touch of elegance. In the center, the red number 50 stands out, surrounded by significant symbols such as the Bowl of Hygieia, a military aircraft, and a Soyuz rocket. The blue wings flanking the number 50 represent flight and aviation.
Hands: The gold hands, with a red second hand, harmonize perfectly with the dial, facilitating easy time reading.
Caseback: The stainless steel caseback features a rising sun theme and lacks serial numbers, adding a touch of uniqueness.
Technical Specifications of the Watch
Movement: The watch is equipped with the reliable and precise Vostok 2414A movement. This manual wind mechanical movement is a classic of the Komandirskie series.
Functions: The watch provides hour, minute, second, and date functions, with a clean and well-organized dial.
Owning this watch means carrying a piece of history. Every detail, from the dial to the case, tells the story of the hospital and the Soviet space program. The watch is not just a timepiece but a tribute to decades of innovation and dedication in aerospace medicine.
The History of the Central Military Aviation Research Hospital
Founded on May 7, 1942, by the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Central Military Aviation Research Hospital has played a crucial role in military and aerospace medicine. Originally created to support the medical needs of aviation during World War II, the hospital underwent several reorganizations and name changes over the years.
A Turning Point: The Connection with Yuri Gagarin and the Soviet Space Program
In 1959, the hospital began selecting and supporting the first Soviet cosmonauts, including Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space. This connection with the Soviet space program was a turning point in the hospital’s history. Gagarin and his colleagues underwent rigorous medical examinations and intensive training to prepare for space flight (Yuri Gagarin on Wikipedia, Soviet Space Program).
The hospital became synonymous with excellence in aerospace medicine, directly contributing to the successes of the Soviet space program. The medical examinations and support provided to the cosmonauts were crucial in ensuring their physical and mental fitness for space missions.
The commemorative Vostok Komandirskie watch is a true gem for collectors and history enthusiasts. Its connection to the Central Military Aviation Research Hospital and the Soviet space program makes it unique and fascinating. A piece that celebrates 50 years of excellence and significant contributions to medicine and space exploration.
Zaporizhzhia is the answer to the question that has intrigued many people for a long time. On December 31, 2020, in the Facebook group “Russian Watches Passion,” user Gianfranco posted a photo of a watch asking for information about it:
Initial Hypotheses
The responses from group members and other collectors were numerous. Here are some summarized hypotheses:
Astronomical observatory
Precision instrument
Camera lens
Textile frame
Microcircuit
None of these hypotheses proved correct.
The Accidental Discovery
The solution emerged by chance while I was writing in this same blog about a commemorative watch for the 10th anniversary of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant.
The History of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant
The Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant is the largest nuclear power plant in Europe and one of the ten largest in the world. Located near the city of Enerhodar in Ukraine, its construction began in 1980, and the first reactor was commissioned in 1984. The plant consists of six VVER-1000 reactors, each with a production capacity of 1,000 megawatts, making the total capacity of the plant 6,000 megawatts.
The plant has been a symbol of technological and industrial progress for the Soviet Union and, subsequently, for independent Ukraine. Over the years, it has played a crucial role in supplying electricity to the country and the surrounding region.
The Meaning of the Dial
Thanks to this discovery, the mysterious dial now has a solution. It is one of the Raketa commemorative watches for the 10th anniversary of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant.
The black silhouette represents the buildings housing the nuclear reactors. In the photo below, it is possible to see how they have a dome on top and, next to it, a lower building, probably housing the steam turbines. The building containing the reactor also has a particular shape that mirrors the silhouette on the watch dial.
The vertical yellow and black rays crossing the black silhouette probably represent nuclear energy or energy in general.
In 2024, the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant remains a focal point not only for Ukraine but also for the international community, especially due to the geopolitical situation in the region. For updated information, you can visit the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) website, which monitors the safety and operation of nuclear power plants globally.
The mysterious dial is thus a tribute to the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, a detail that enriches the history of this particular Raketa watch model. This piece is a fascinating example of how everyday objects can hold deep stories and meanings, linked to significant moments in industrial and technological history.
Among my favorite Russian and Soviet watches are those made by Raketa with stone dials. I own several, each unique due to the distinct patterns of the stone. The two most commonly used stones are Jasper and Nephrite.
The History and Craftsmanship of Raketa Stone Dials
One might initially wonder why Raketa produces watches with stone dials. The reason is deeply rooted in the origins of the Petrodvorets Watch Factory. Originally known as the Imperial Workshop for Precious Stone Processing, it was established by Tsar Peter the Great in 1721. Hence, it is natural for the factory’s expertise in working with precious and semi-precious stones to extend to watchmaking. You can find various examples of both Nephrite and Jasper dials on the Raketa brand’s official website.
Raketa 10 Years Zaporizhzhia Commemorative Watch
This watch exists in at least two known versions: a general version and a commemorative version celebrating the 10th anniversary of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant. The commemorative version in my possession features a white Roman numeral “X” on the dial. This “X” is absent in the standard version. According to the ABOUT US page of the official website of the nuclear power plant, the first reactor was commissioned in 1984. Therefore, the Raketa ЗАЭС commemorative watch for the 10th anniversary dates back to 1994, during the post-Soviet period.
Unique Features of the Raketa ЗАЭС
The stone dial of this watch includes two overprints (a typical technique for stone dials). The first is a gold print indicating minutes on the outer part of the dial, featuring the atomic symbol and the inscription “ЗАЭС” over horizontal lines. The second print is white, showing the hour markers in Arabic numerals, except at 6 and 12 o’clock, where a gear/sun symbol appears. The white Roman numeral “X” denotes the 10th anniversary of the nuclear power plant’s operation.
Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant
This is the name of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, located in present-day Ukraine. The plant is of Soviet origin, with construction initiated in 1977. As of 2021, it remains operational, with decommissioning planned in phases between 2030 and 2041. The Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant is the largest nuclear power plant in Europe and one of the ten largest in the world.
Here are three main links providing information about the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant:
The distinctive shape of the Raketa Zero gold-plated case enhances the appeal of this watch. The simple shapes of the case harmonize well with the complexity of the dial. The hands are also gold-plated and thin. The back of the watch is straightforward, with a stainless steel back and the serial number 885 engraved.
Technical Specifications
The watch houses a Raketa R2609 caliber with 19 jewels, featuring inscriptions in English for export purposes. This particular stone dial watch is one of the most beautiful in my collection and is quite challenging to find, especially in the 1994 commemorative version. It was likely a gift to shareholders or personnel of the nuclear power plant.
The Raketa Zero KGB watch is not just a functional object but also a vehicle of deep symbolic meanings. Let’s first examine its technical characteristics and then the symbols on its dial and their meanings.
Characteristics of the Watch
The Raketa Zero KGB is an example of a Soviet watch with a chromed brass case. Here are some of its main specifications:
Case: Chromed brass, giving it a robust yet elegant appearance.
Movement: The Raketa Zero KGB is powered by the 2609 caliber, a manual mechanical movement known for its reliability and simplicity.
Dial: The dial features three elephants supporting a grassy platform with a stylized representation of the Moscow Kremlin and the Cyrillic inscription “KGB” underneath them.
Functions: Time-only, without additional complications.
The dial of the Raketa Zero KGB is rich with symbols that tell a complex and fascinating story.
The Elephants
In Indian mythology, as well as in other cultures, elephants are often depicted as creatures of great strength and stability. They are associated with wisdom, power, and longevity. In Hindu cosmology, the Akupāra myth describes a turtle supporting four elephants, which in turn support the world. This symbolism is rich in meanings:
Stability and Strength: The elephants represent the solid foundation on which the world rests, symbolizing the stability and strength necessary to support large structures or concepts.
Sustainability and Support: The presence of the elephants suggests robust and reliable support, qualities reflected in the vital functions of institutions or nations.
The Moscow Kremlin is a powerful symbol of Russia. It not only represents the center of political and military power but is also a cultural and historical symbol:
Political Power: As the seat of the Russian government, the Kremlin symbolizes authority and control.
National Identity: It represents the continuity and history of Russia, evoking images of greatness and national pride.
The KGB (Комитет государственной безопасности) was the main security service of the Soviet Union. Its presence on the watch’s dial can be interpreted in various ways:
Foundation of Power: The KGB is often seen as the guardian of the Soviet state, crucial for internal security and stability. Its depiction as the base of the elephants underscores its role as the foundation on which the nation rests.
Symbol of Control and Surveillance: It also represents the control and surveillance the KGB exercised over the population, maintaining the order and power of the government.
The phrase “It’s turtles all the way down” refers to the infinite regression in cosmology. This metaphor comes from an ancient creation myth present in Indian, Chinese, and Native American mythologies. According to the myth, the world is a flat disc supported by a series of infinite turtles, one on top of the other. This vision was cited by Stephen Hawking to illustrate the concept of infinite regression in cosmological explanations.
When these symbols are combined, a complex picture is created that can be interpreted in several ways:
The KGB as the Foundation of Russia: The turtle of Hindu mythology is replaced by the KGB, suggesting that the power and stability of modern Russia (represented by the Kremlin) are supported by the foundations created by the KGB.
Power and Control: The elephants and the Kremlin above the KGB inscription can represent the immense power and control the KGB had and, by extension, how this control helped sustain the structure and stability of the Russian state.
Union of Opposites: Similar to the representation of yin and yang in Hindu cosmology, this watch could symbolize the union of opposites – power and stability (elephants and Kremlin) supported by hidden strength and KGB surveillance.
This Raketa Zero KGB watch, with its symbol-rich dial, represents more than just a tool for measuring time. It is a cultural artifact that tells a story of power, control, and stability. Every detail of the dial is loaded with historical and cultural meanings, making this watch not only an object of curiosity but also a piece of dialogue about Russian history and politics.
Exploring these symbols offers an opportunity to reflect on how history and culture influence everyday objects and how these objects, in turn, can tell complex and fascinating stories.
Once again, I am amazed. An unexpected watch that has once again sparked my curiosity. A different and definitely unique Raketa Zero KGB!
Conclusion
Exploring these symbols offers an opportunity to reflect on how history and culture influence everyday objects and how these objects, in turn, can tell complex and fascinating stories. The Raketa Zero KGB is more than just a watch; it is a piece of history and culture that deserves to be understood and appreciated.
One of the most sought-after watches by enthusiasts of Russian and Soviet space-themed timepieces is the Vostok Komandirskie Apollo Soyuz (Восток Командирские Союз Аполлон). This watch is a must-have for collectors, but it is not easy to find and often comes at a high price. After years of searching, I finally acquired two versions: one with a chrome case and another finished in Titanium Nitride (TiN).
Vostok Komandirskie Apollo Soyuz
Vostok Komandirskie Apollo Soyuz
The Mystery of the Watch
At first glance, many believe this watch commemorates the historic Apollo-Soyuz mission of 1975, where American astronauts and Soviet cosmonauts conducted a joint mission in space. The dial features the spacecraft docking, with the names “Soyuz” and “Apollo” in Cyrillic. However, the real story behind this watch is different.
The Advertising Twist
The Vostok Komandirskie Apollo Soyuz was produced as an advertising piece for Apollo-Soyuz cigarettes, a brand launched to commemorate the space mission. These cigarettes were produced by the Java Tobacco Factory in Moscow for the Soviet market and by Philip Morris for the U.S. market, with packaging tailored for each region.
One of the most distinctive features of this watch is its caseback. Unlike standard Vostok Komandirskie models, it features unique engravings that highlight its exclusivity:
A five-pointed star
The word “эксклюзивный” (exclusive)
The word “выуск” (edition)
A six-digit serial number
Another five-pointed star
This marking signifies a special edition, though the exact number produced remains unclear.
The Dial Details
The black dial with its printed elements is the standout feature of this watch. Key characteristics include:
Minute and hour markers in white
Circular hour markers in white, except for red at 12, 6, and 9 o’clock
A date window at 3 o’clock
The spacecraft Soyuz and Apollo depicted in blue and white, with curved lines indicating their docking paths
The Hands and Movement
The watch hands are typical of Vostok Komandirskie models: steel with luminous paint for the hour and minute hands, and a red second hand. Inside, it houses the reliable Vostok 2414 mechanical movement.
The Apollo-Soyuz Mission
The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) marked the first international human spaceflight mission, paving the way for future cooperation in space. Launched in July 1975, the mission demonstrated the possibility of joint operations between the U.S. and USSR, despite Cold War tensions. For more details on the mission, visit the official NASA page.
Apollo-Soyuz Cigarettes
Apollo-Soyuz cigarettes were a commemorative brand of the 1975 space event. These cigarettes were sold both in the USA and the USSR, with the brand varying between “Apollo Soyuz” for the American market and “Союз Аполлон” for the Soviet market. This brand symbolized international cooperation in space and represented a unique element of the popular culture of that period.
Conclusion
The Vostok Komandirskie Apollo Soyuz is more than just a watch; it is a piece of history blending space exploration with a unique advertising campaign. Collectors cherish it for its story and the mystery surrounding its true origin.
Missile Troops and Artillery: here is the true meaning of this dial revealed. It’s a widely distributed Vostok Komandirskie, and often people wonder about the hidden meanings behind such a cryptic dial. Careful research is required to uncover the exact significance of the various symbols on the dial.
Discovering the Watch
I found this watch for a few euros in a lot, and it immediately intrigued me. I had seen it many times, but never so peculiar or beautiful to justify a single purchase. After a bit of investigation, curiosity took over, and I sought to find out what it was exactly about.
The Watch
The watch, upon closer inspection, is quite standard. It’s a Russian Vostok Komandirskie with a 2414 movement and a 439xxx case. Both the glass and the case are unfortunately quite damaged, but the watch is still functional, indicating that the reliable Vostok 2414 works well even under harsh conditions.
Vostok Komandirskie Missile Troops
Vostok Komandirskie Missile Troops: Where Are the Missile Troops and Artillery?
Everything is grouped in the emblem found at the six o’clock position on the dial. What is it about?
The image consists of three elements:
A laurel wreath
Two cannons
A missile
Uncovering the Meaning
After some research and the help of a Dutch collector friend, I found a military patch online that clarified the meaning. The writing: ракетные войска и артиллерия on the patch means “Missile Troops and Artillery.” This is therefore a commemorative Vostok of these armed forces, which are part of the Vooružënnye Sily Rossijskoj Federacii, or the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
A curiosity: on November 19, Russia celebrates the “Day of the Missile Troops and Artillery of the Russian Federation.” Here is a video about it:
Missile Troops and Artillery: Who Are They?
For those interested, here is the link to the Russian Wikipedia page: LINK.
Interesting information I found includes the existence of:
Missile Troops and Artillery of the ground forces of the Russian armed forces
Missile Troops and Artillery of the coastal forces of the Russian armed forces
Tasks of the Missile Troops and Artillery
The missile troops and artillery are tasked with:
Achieving and maintaining fire superiority over the enemy
Destroying enemy nuclear attack means, personnel, weapons, military, and special equipment
Disorganizing enemy troop and weapon command and control systems, reconnaissance, and electronic warfare
Destroying long-term defensive structures and other infrastructure
Disrupting enemy operational and military rear
Weakening and isolating the enemy’s second echelons and reserves
Destroying tanks and other armored vehicles penetrating the enemy’s depth
Covering flanks and open joints
Participating in the destruction of enemy airborne and amphibious assault forces
Remote mining of areas and objects
Supporting night operations of troops
Smoking and blinding enemy objects
Distributing propaganda materials and others
Conclusion
It is easy to see how even a simple Vostok Komandirskie can intrigue and lead to unexpected in-depth research. Sometimes the only challenge is navigating the numerous military units present in Russia. The watch was probably commissioned for some celebration or simply made like many others to celebrate the armed forces.
It may seem unusual, but sometimes a collection of Soviet/Russian watches can capture the attention and appreciation of even those who are not experts in the field. This intriguing niche of collecting has recently been highlighted in an interview published by the magazine “Collezionare,” available in both print and digital formats (www.collezionare.com).
The Magazine “Collezionare”
The magazine “Collezionare” is a specialized publication focused on the world of collecting, offering in-depth articles, news, and interviews on a wide range of collectible items. From vintage to antiques and modern collectibles, the magazine serves as an authoritative and up-to-date resource for enthusiasts. Available in both print and online versions, “Collezionare” stands out for the quality of its content and the passion with which it tells the stories of collectors and their unique collections.
Two years ago, I contacted several journals related to collecting to promote my father’s Pirelli advertisement collection, including “Collezionare”. The interview with my father can be found at this link. Given the existing contact, a couple of months ago I reached out again to the journalist who conducted the interview, suggesting she might also be interested in my collection of Soviet/Russian watches. A few days later, she contacted me to schedule a phone interview.
Lancette Sovietiche collezionare online
On April 14, 2018, the online version of the interview was published and can be read at this link.
Soviet Watches
In the interview, Andrea Manini, a 44-year-old from Milan who has been collecting since 1992, shares insights into his collection of over 400 Russian watches. “What I really enjoy is that, unlike Swiss watches, Russian ones always have a story to tell.”
The Stories Behind Soviet Watches
Many stories surround Soviet watchmaking, particularly those involving Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space. The watch he wore during the 1961 mission is still a mystery. Some claim it was a Poljot Sturmanskie, produced by the First Moscow Watch Factory, often referred to as the Russian equivalent of the Speedmaster used by Armstrong and Aldrin on the moon. Others believe it was the Type One by Sturmanskie, citing a photo where Gagarin wears this model over his red suit. “But who can say for sure? Maybe it was just a training shot,” says Andrea, emphasizing the mystery that often surrounds these famous timepieces.
The Influence of History on Soviet Watchmaking
The end of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s marked the beginning of a new era for Russian watchmaking in Italy. Andrea, like many other enthusiasts, started his collection in 1992, the year after the USSR’s dissolution. “1992 is my year zero, the year I began to appreciate these beautiful watches. That year, the first after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, all the unique goods from the former USSR became very sought after, including Russian watches, which started appearing in our jewelry stores. Over the years, I have expanded my collection to about 400 pieces.”
Early Discoveries
Andrea’s first purchase was a Vostok Komandirskie wristwatch. “The military look and the rocket on the dial attracted me, and only later did I discover that it was a Vostok Komandirskie model, with the Vostok 1 rocket that Gagarin used to orbit the Earth in 1961.”
Collection Categories
Russian watches are categorized in various ways. Andrea focuses on Russian space adventures and Soviet watches made for the Italian market. Other themes include Soviet polar explorations and Russian railways, particularly the BAM line.
The History of Russian Watchmaking
Russian watchmaking has a complex history intertwined with the country’s social, political, and military developments. During the Tsarist era, watches were mainly produced by artisanal workshops. With the advent of the Soviet Union, watch production became essential for both civilians and the military. Initially, pocket watches were produced, but gradually, wristwatches became the focus.
Watch Factories
Numerous companies arose in the Soviet Union, named after war or space adventures. “The First Moscow Watch Factory, later named Poljot (which means flight), Raketa (rocket), Pobeda (victory, dedicated to WWII), and Chaika (seagull, which was Valentina Tereshkova’s code name during her space flight).”
Export and Marketing
In the 1960s and 70s, Soviet watches were exported at low prices to promote sales. This was a state-imposed strategy. In Italy, Russian watchmaking has often been underrated due to its proximity to Switzerland. However, the Russians understood the importance of marketing and created watches with logos for export or specific models for certain markets.
Rare Models
Among the rarest models in Andrea’s collection is a Raketa Big Zero with a nephrite dial, a green stone similar to jade. Finding rare models is challenging, especially online where many fakes and assembled pieces are sold.
Tips for Collectors
To avoid buying fakes, Andrea advises consulting more experienced and reliable collectors. “Today, there are many forums and groups where you can exchange opinions and advice.”
This collection of Soviet/Russian watches, with its rich history and intriguing models, continues to captivate not only enthusiasts but also newcomers to the world of collecting.
Three Penguins and a Polar Bear on the Dial of a Vostok Buran
Introduction
Today, I am wearing an intriguing watch from the USSR, which I believe is often overlooked, particularly in Italy, due to a lack of understanding of its historical significance. While many theories about this watch can be found online, few are based on solid evidence. The watch in question is the Vostok Buran, dedicated to Soviet Polar Aviation.
You can view some fascinating images from the historical archive of Russian Aeroflot here.
The Dial of the Polar Aviation Watch
The dial of this watch is divided into two distinct areas:
Vostok Polar Aviation
At the top, there is a blue semicircle with the Cyrillic inscription “БУРАН” (Buran, meaning blizzard). Inside this semicircle, there is a depiction of a polar bear, an animal native to the northern hemisphere and the North Pole.
Three Penguins
At the bottom, there are three penguins, which are typical of the southern hemisphere and the South Pole. Alongside the penguins is the logo that currently represents Aeroflot.
Today, Polar Aviation is considered a subsidiary of Aeroflot, and its services are carried out under a unified brand.
Photographic Evidence of Polar Aviation
Historical Context
Established in 1934, Soviet Polar Aviation remained active until 1970. It serviced all polar routes to and from the most remote countries and scientific stations located in the Arctic regions of the planet.
Many intriguing details about this period can be found here. Unfortunately, the history of Polar Aviation is marked by numerous accidents and disasters.
Service to Arctic Islands
Polar Aviation also served many Arctic islands, providing crucial services such as mail, medicines, and food supplies to the island inhabitants.
A particularly interesting website, albeit in Russian, provides insights into the life on Dickson Island. Thanks to Google Translate, you can explore the historical photos showing Soviet Polar Aviation planes and helicopters here.
The Watch Itself
The Vostok Buran watch is well-crafted and comfortable to wear. It was primarily released for the Italian market, identifiable by the typical case back and the high-quality leather strap marked in several places. This watch deserves a prominent place in any Russian watch enthusiast’s collection.
Today, I want to talk about a watch that has been in my collection for some time: a Vostok Komandirskie made for the Italian market in the 1980s, featuring an interesting badge on the dial.
This model is part of a series of watches with the Komandirskie 341XXX case, calibre 2414A, bakelite bezel, and a dial with a clean, well-made design that references the military world. The badge on the dial mimics those used on the hats of high-ranking Soviet Air Force officers.
Vostok Komandirskie Soviet Air Force Emblem
Dial Detail
This badge, in particular, is a distinctive symbol worn by high-ranking pilot officers. Below, you can see an example of these badges in a vintage photograph of a Soviet military pilot in uniform.
Distribution and Marking
The watch, made for the Italian market in the 1980s and marked CCCP, was distributed in Italy by Time Trend. Although not difficult to find, it is considered an essential piece in a collection of Soviet watches.
Conclusion
The dial of this Russian watch features a reproduction of the badges used on the hats of high-ranking pilot officers, making it a fascinating piece rich in history.
In the Vostok section of my site, you can find the complete series of commemorative Soviet watches intended for the Italian market.
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