Original title of the book: История часового завода Слава – В.Г. Богданов, 2002
Chapter 1: On the Measurement of Time in Russia
Description: The first chapter explores the origins of timekeeping in Russia, tracing back to the first tower clocks installed in Russian cities. It describes how these clocks were initially created by local craftsmen and gradually began to be imported from abroad. The narrative transitions from primitive timekeeping methods, such as sundials and water clocks, to the spread of mechanical clocks during the Middle Ages. It includes details about the first watch factories in Russia, established during the reign of Catherine II, and the challenges faced in maintaining stable and high-quality production.
Details:
The first tower clock in Russia was installed in 1404 by a monk named Lazar Serbin.
The Moscow watch factory, established in 1769, produced clocks often used as awards and official gifts.
In the 16th century, mechanical clocks began to spread in churches and cathedrals, becoming symbols of prestige and advanced technology.
The accuracy of clocks improved significantly due to advancements in astronomy and mechanics.
Chapter 2: The Need for a National Watch Industry
Description: This chapter highlights the crisis in the Russian watch industry during the World Wars and the revolution. With the interruption of imports and the closure of existing factories, the need to establish a national industry emerged. Efforts to reorganise existing resources and create new production facilities are described, along with attempts to import technology from abroad.
Details:
In 1920, the Soviet Union created an agency dedicated to managing watch production, called the “Watch Agency”.
During the 1920s and 1930s, the factory purchased machinery from the United States to initiate domestic watch production.
Efforts to train skilled personnel were intensified, with the establishment of technical schools and training programmes.
Chapter 3: The History of the Second Moscow Watch Factory – 75 Years on the Market
Description: This chapter details the history of the Second Moscow Watch Factory (2MChZ) from its founding in 1924 to modern times. It describes the evolution of production technologies, the materials used, and the various challenges faced by workers during times of war and peace. The factory is depicted as a symbol of Soviet industrial innovation.
Details:
The factory was initially founded as part of the Technical Military Department of the RKKA.
In 1930, the factory began producing alarm clocks with components imported from Germany.
The factory was a major supplier of watches for the Soviet army during World War II.
In the 1950s and 1960s, the factory expanded and modernised, introducing new models and technologies.
Chapter 4: The Early Successes
Description: Describes the early years of the factory, focusing on efforts to increase production and improve the quality of watches. It details the technical and logistical difficulties faced, such as material shortages and the need to train new workers. The chapter includes testimonies from workers and managers who contributed to the company’s initial success.
Details:
In 1930, the factory produced 144,000 alarm clocks and 628,000 wall clocks despite numerous initial difficulties.
Factory managers implemented innovative production systems to increase efficiency.
Staff training was a priority, with intensive on-the-job learning programmes.
Production techniques relied on imported machinery and optimised processes for maximum efficiency.
Chapter 5: All for the Front, All for Victory
Description: During World War II, the factory’s production shifted towards military utility goods. The chapter describes the reorganisation of production and the factory’s significant contribution to Soviet war efforts. It highlights how the factory had to quickly adapt to new requirements, producing instruments and equipment for the army.
Details:
The factory produced magnets for explosives and devices for parachute deployment.
Despite wartime difficulties, the factory maintained constant high-quality production.
Many factory workers were awarded for their contributions to the war effort.
Watch production decreased, but technological innovation continued, preparing the ground for post-war recovery.
Chapter 6: Return to Civil Production
Description: The chapter describes the post-war period, during which the factory gradually returned to producing watches for civilian use. It includes details on the modernisation of facilities and the introduction of new technologies. It explores how the factory reinvented itself to meet new market demands.
Details:
In the 1950s, the factory introduced the first Soviet chronometer, marking a significant advancement in precision and reliability.
Production diversified to include wristwatches, wall clocks, and pocket watches.
The factory became a symbol of economic revival and technological innovation.
New production processes were implemented to improve quality and reduce costs.
Chapter 7: The Period of Decline
Description: Examines the years of economic difficulties and declining production faced by the factory during the late Soviet period and early post-Soviet years. Despite challenges, the factory continued to produce watches, maintaining a significant market share. Attempts at restructuring and modernisation to cope with new economic realities are discussed.
Details:
In the late 1990s, the factory received congratulations from the President of Russia and the Mayor of Moscow for its 75th anniversary.
It describes how the factory tried to adapt to global market changes.
Efforts to maintain product quality and reliability were constant despite financial difficulties.
Attempts to diversify production and develop new markets are explored.
Chapter 8: Conclusion and Appendices
Description: The conclusion summarises the achievements and challenges of the “Slava” watch factory. It includes a reflection on the historical importance of the factory and the future of the watch industry in Russia. The appendices offer additional technical details, production statistics, and a bibliography. Individual successes of workers and technological innovations introduced are also mentioned.
Details:
An appendix section is dedicated to the individual successes of factory workers, many of whom received state awards for their contributions.
Detailed production statistics and various models of watches produced are provided.
The factory is presented as an example of resilience and innovation in the Russian industrial landscape.
The appendices also include historical documents and photographs illustrating the factory’s evolution.
In the introduction, the author sets the historical context of watchmaking in Russia, emphasizing its significance in the country’s industrial evolution. The research’s purpose is explained to better understand the role of horology in Russia’s socio-economic development from the 18th century to the early 20th century. The author outlines the primary objectives of the study, the methodologies used, and the importance of this sector in the realm of technology and industrial production. An intriguing aspect highlighted is how the perception and measurement of time influenced not only daily life but also Russia’s technological and scientific progress.
Prima pagina del libro di Olga Nikolaevna Melnikova intitolato “Из истории развития часового производства в России”, pubblicato dalla Biblioteca Statale Russa nel 2005.
Section One: The Emergence and Development of Watchmaking in Russia. The Role of Industrial Exhibitions in Enhancing the Skills of Russian Watchmakers.
Chapter 1: The Beginning of Watch Production and Watchmaking Workshops in Various Regions of Russia – Page 25
This chapter provides a detailed historical overview of the early stages of watch production in Russia, starting with the introduction of the first mechanical clocks, focusing on tower clocks installed in the 15th century. The role of early watchmakers and the influence of technologies imported from Western Europe are explored. The author describes how these initial time measurement instruments led to a significant change in the perception of time and the organization of daily life.
Origins and Spread:
The chapter analyses the origins of mechanical clocks in Europe and their introduction to Russia. An interesting fact is that the first tower clocks installed in Russia in the 15th century were gifts from foreign diplomats.
Early Tower Clocks:
This section describes tower clocks installed in various public and religious buildings and their cultural significance. For example, the early tower clocks in the Moscow Kremlin served not only to measure time but also as instruments of political and religious prestige.
Regional Workshops:
This part examines the first watchmaking workshops in different Russian regions, including the cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg, and the influence of foreign masters. A specific point of interest is how Moscow became a center of excellence through the importation of European technologies and expertise.
Chapter 2: Watch Production in State and Private Factories in Russia (18th – early 20th century) – Page 73
In this chapter, the author examines the role of state factories and private enterprises in watch production during the period in question. The evolution of watch factories, work organization, and technological innovations implemented are analyzed.
State Factories:
The study looks into state factories founded under the reign of Catherine II, focusing on their organizational structure and the products made. An interesting point is that many of these factories initially aimed at producing watches for the aristocracy and government.
Private Enterprises:
This section analyses the development of private factories and artisanal cooperatives, including production methods and challenges faced, such as foreign competition. It is noteworthy how private enterprises often collaborated with local craftsmen to improve product quality.
Craftsmanship and Technology:
The techniques of production and technological innovation in workshops and factories are examined, focusing on materials, tools, and design. A specific point is the use of local materials and traditional techniques combined with modern innovations to create unique watches.
Section Two: Characteristics and Problems of the Development of Russian Watchmaking in the 18th – early 20th century.
Chapter 3: Import of Watchmaking Products and Its Impact on Russian Production – Page 121
This chapter focuses on the influence of foreign watch imports on the Russian market and local production. It explores how the influx of foreign products prompted Russian manufacturers to improve quality and adopt new technologies.
Initial Imports:
The history of the first watch imports to Russia and their impact on the domestic market is discussed. An interesting fact is that some of the most valuable watches imported to Russia came from Switzerland and Germany.
Foreign Competition:
This section analyses the competitive dynamics between Russian producers and foreign companies and the strategies adopted by Russians to remain competitive. A specific point is the adoption of advanced technologies and innovative designs to compete with foreign manufacturers.
Technological Adaptation:
The discussion here focuses on how Russian producers incorporated foreign technologies and designs to improve their products. It’s interesting to note how international fairs and exhibitions facilitated the acquisition of new technologies.
Chapter 4: Training Qualified Personnel for Watch Production – Page 159
The fourth chapter examines the methods of training and educational institutions dedicated to preparing qualified watchmakers. The author discusses the importance of artisanal schools, academies, and government initiatives to develop specialized skills in watchmaking.
Initial Training:
This section explores the early training programs for watchmakers and their evolution over time. An interesting fact is that many watchmaking schools were founded with direct support from the Tsar and the aristocracy.
Educational Institutions:
Details are provided about the schools and academies that played a crucial role in training qualified watchmakers, including curriculums and teaching methodologies. A specific point is the use of practical laboratories and apprenticeships to ensure comprehensive training.
Foreign Influence on Training:
The discussion here focuses on how foreign masters contributed to the training of local talents and the transfer of technological knowledge. It’s interesting how some of the best Russian watchmakers studied abroad before returning home to contribute to the local industry.
Conclusion – Page 174
The conclusion summarizes the main findings of the research, highlighting the historical importance of watch production in Russia and its contribution to the country’s industrial progress. The author offers a critical reflection on the results obtained and suggests future directions for further studies in this field. An interesting point is the author’s prediction about the future of the Russian watchmaking industry, emphasizing the potential for revival thanks to new technologies and the growing demand for high-quality products.
Bibliography – Page 184
The final section of the book provides a detailed list of sources and works cited in the research, offering a valuable resource for those wishing to further explore the history of watch production in Russia. An interesting point is the breadth of sources used, including archival documents, contemporary publications, and materials from industrial exhibitions.
Chapter 1: The Beginning of Watch Production and Watchmaking Workshops in Various Regions of Russia
Watch production in Russia, more than other industries, reflects the country’s economic prosperity and its integration into global production. Typically, the production of time-measuring instruments is considered part of the mechanical sector. Many mechanics working in various areas of mechanics were initially watchmakers.
As civilization developed, time-measuring instruments became increasingly necessary in people’s daily lives. Consequently, the number of watches produced increased, as did the variety of types and fields of application, creating the conditions for the opening of new workshops and factories.
Origins and Spread
The invention of watches contributed to a significant change in collective consciousness: the dominance of space during the medieval period was gradually replaced by measurable time and its mechanical producer, the clock. Watches are often called the “archetype” of all measuring instruments, a “product” of primitive mechanics that, according to American scholar Lewis Mumford, “synchronized human reactions not with the rising and setting of the sun, but with the movement of the clock hands.”
The regularity of this movement is conventionally accepted as the movement of time, and the regularity of intervals on the scale allows this uniform movement to be transformed into points on the scale to which numerical values can be assigned. Essentially, watches do not measure time but transform uniform and homogeneous movement into a system of points associated with numbers.
Production in Various Regions
In Saint Petersburg, for example, there was a strong scientific and production base: the Instrument Chamber of the Academy of Sciences, the Instrument and Watch Classes of the Academy of Fine Arts, whose activities greatly contributed to the development of domestic instrumentation. Additionally, these cities hosted productions close to watchmaking, such as precision mechanics, like weapons production. In the Tula and Sestroretsk arms factories, besides producing victorious weapons, domestic items, locks, scales, boxes, sewing machines, and scientific instruments were also made.
These were areas with developed metallurgical industries, such as the Demidov factories in the Urals in Nizhny Tagil and Ekaterinburg. Specimens from the GIM (State Historical Museum) collections testify that watch production was established in cities located at the crossroads of trade routes, such as Astrakhan and Arkhangelsk. The largest and most developed centers of watch production in the 18th-19th centuries were Moscow and Saint Petersburg.
Development of Workshops
In the second half of the 18th century and the early 19th century, artisanal production flourished in Moscow: jewelry, haberdashery, gold items, and other goods. There were shoemaker, hatter, dyer shops, playing card, brick factories, and others. This was facilitated by mid-18th century decrees on the freedom to practice crafts. For example, the decree of 17 April 1767 allowed city residents to engage in “trades for their benefit.”
At the end of the 19th century, the merchant Fedor Vinogradov opened a watch assembly workshop on his estate near Moscow. This workshop produced up to 150,000 watches per year, and the company’s factory was in Switzerland, from where assembled watches were shipped, predominantly the cheapest ones. The watches assembled in Moscow were sold at prices ranging from 1 ruble and 75 kopecks to 3 rubles and 50 kopecks.
Importance of Family Workshops
It is important to note that, besides state establishments, in the 18th-19th centuries in Russia, there were small private artisanal workshops for watch production. As evidenced by documents preserved in archives, these were primarily family-type workshops. In the second half of the 19th century, small private factories were created to produce simple watches. These were made with primitive equipment and thus differed little from similar products made in artisanal workshops.
Towards the end of the 19th century, a division of labor emerged in factories: workers specialized in stamping wheels, hands, assemblies, chimes (producing watches with bells), and cabinets. This demonstrates that watch production in Russia was gradually forming a manufacturing-style labor organization.
Research materials show that Moscow and Saint Petersburg were major centers for assembling and selling watches. For example, in 1856, there were 35 small watch workshops in Moscow, equipped with pedal machines, with screw clamps and a varying number of workers from 8 to 12 people.
Chapter 2: Watch Production in State and Private Factories in Russia (18th – early 20th century)
Introduction
Watch production in Russia reflected the country’s economic prosperity and its level of integration into global production. In the 18th century, under the reign of Catherine II, the first state watch factories were founded, representing a significant step towards developing a national watchmaking industry. These factories not only supplied watches to the Russian aristocracy but also played a key role in elevating the prestige of Russian manufacturing.
The First State Factories
The first state watch factories in Russia were established under the direct influence of Catherine II. In 1764, Catherine issued a decree for the creation of watch factories in Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and the Kupavna estate. These factories, although called “factories,” were actually small-scale manufactures with rather primitive equipment compared to European standards. The creation of these factories responded to several needs:
European Example: Catherine II was inspired by her correspondent Voltaire, who had established a colony of watchmakers in Ferney, near Geneva.
Reducing Imports: She wanted to reduce reliance on expensive watch imports from Europe.
Economic Development: She aimed to promote economic development and the national industry.
Production in State Factories
The factories in Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Kupavna produced a variety of watches, including pocket watches in precious gold and silver casings. These watches were made to high European standards but in limited quantities. The factories were equipped with advanced machinery for the time, such as presses, lathes, and tools for finishing and polishing metals.
Closure of Factories
Due to various problems, including lack of funding, state watch factories closed in the early 19th century. However, the experience gained in these factories was not completely lost and contributed to the subsequent development of watch production in Russia.
Private Factories
In the second half of the 19th century, numerous small private factories emerged, focusing on producing simpler and cheaper watches. These factories used rudimentary equipment and often did not differ much from artisanal workshops. A notable example is the factory opened by Fedor Vinogradov near Moscow, which assembled watches with components imported from Switzerland.
Division of Labor and Innovation
Towards the end of the 19th century, watch production in Russia began to show signs of industrial organization, with a more defined division of labor:
Specialized Production: Workers specialized in different stages of production, such as stamping wheels, assembling mechanisms, and making cases.
Technological Innovation: The introduction of advanced machinery and the standardization of production processes increased efficiency and product quality.
Influence of Imports
The importation of foreign watches continued to heavily influence the Russian market. Many technological innovations and designs were adopted by Russian producers to improve the competitiveness of their products. International exhibitions played a crucial role in transferring technological knowledge and promoting Russian products abroad.
Conclusion
Watch production in Russia during the 18th and 19th centuries represents a significant part of the country’s industrial development. Despite challenges, state and private production initiatives contributed to creating a foundation for the Russian watchmaking industry. This historical period demonstrates the importance of government support and technological innovation for developing a competitive international industry.
Chapter 3: Import of Watchmaking Products and Its Impact on Russian Production
Introduction
The history of watch imports in Russia dates back to the times of Ivan the Terrible when watches were brought as diplomatic gifts. The influence of foreign watch imports has significantly impacted domestic production, stimulating innovation and competition.
Importation of Watches in the 19th Century
In the 19th century, the importation of watches in Russia was dominated by Swiss products, particularly pocket watches. By the end of the 19th century, Switzerland was the main supplier of mechanisms and complete watches, often encased in gold or decorated with gold details.
Import Data
Switzerland: In 1897, Switzerland exported 32,834 watches to Russia, 31,541 in 1898, and 34,060 in 1899.
Germany: Germany exported 8,855 watches in 1897, 8,851 in 1898, and 8,035 in 1899.
France: France exported 1,188 watches in 1897, 1,186 in 1898, and 1,206 in 1899.
Mechanisms for Pocket Watches
Switzerland: 262 mechanisms in 1897, 3,257 in 1898, and 3,786 in 1899.
Germany: 62 mechanisms in 1897, 2,020 in 1898, and 769 in 1899.
Effects of Imports
The importation of foreign watches had several effects on the Russian industry:
Competition: It prompted Russian producers to improve the quality of their products to compete with foreign ones.
Innovation: It led to the adoption of new technologies and production techniques in Russia.
Training: It incentivized the training of qualified watchmakers in Russia to reduce reliance on imports.
Challenges in Domestic Production
Despite efforts to develop domestic watch production, Russia faced several challenges:
Lack of Technology: Advanced production technologies were often imported and not developed locally.
Insufficient Capital: The high cost of capital needed to start and maintain quality watch production.
Foreign Competition: The dominant presence of high-quality foreign watches made it difficult for Russian producers to establish themselves in the market.
Industrial Exhibitions
International and national industrial exhibitions played a crucial role in transferring knowledge and technologies. Russian watchmakers participated in these exhibitions to learn new techniques and international standards, which they then tried to implement in their productions.
Conclusion
The chapter concludes with a reflection on the importance of imports for the development of the Russian watch industry. Despite the challenges, the influence of imported watches had a positive effect, stimulating innovation and quality improvement in local production.
Additional Data and Curiosities
In 1913, about 3.5 million watches of various types were imported into Russia, excluding pocket watches.
During the revolutionary period (1917-1923), the importation of watches and components almost ceased, causing a significant shortage of these goods in Russia.
Trade and industrial fairs, such as those in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, were crucial events where Russian producers could compare themselves with their foreign counterparts and adopt new technologies.
Chapter 4: Training Qualified Personnel for Watch Production
Introduction
Training and preparing qualified personnel were crucial elements for the development of watch production in Russia. From the 18th to the 19th century, various watchmaking production centers also served as learning places for future master watchmakers. The importance of these institutions and training methods was fundamental in creating a solid foundation for the Russian watch industry.
Initial Training Centers
The first training centers for watchmakers in Russia were often linked to existing production establishments:
Admiralty Compass Workshop: One of the first training centers was the compass workshop at the Admiralty, where time-measuring instruments for the navy were produced.
Yakov Bruce’s Workshop: Another important center was the workshop of the renowned scientist and statesman Yakov Bruce, which combined the production of scientific instruments with artisan training.
Instrument Chamber of the Academy of Sciences: The Academy of Sciences housed a workshop producing precision instruments and training new artisans.
Mechanical Workshop of the Tula Arms Factory: This workshop produced not only weapons but also served as a learning center for mechanics and watchmakers.
Technical Schools and Apprenticeships
In 1701, the first technical school in Russia, the School of Mathematics and Navigation, was established in Moscow, where surveyors were trained and mathematical and physical instruments were produced. Here, solar clocks were also made, and students acquired both theoretical and practical skills.
The Watch School in the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin is another significant example. In this school, soldiers’ sons were trained in the art of watchmaking. The students not only learned basic techniques but actively participated in watch production, contributing to pieces now preserved in museums.
Evolution of Training
With the advent of the 19th century, the need for qualified watchmakers grew exponentially, leading to the establishment of more schools and training programs:
Saint Petersburg Watchmaking School: Founded with the support of the Ministry of Finance in 1900, the school offered a five-year course specializing in mechanics and watchmaking. Students started specializing from the second year, and the entire program was closely linked to practical training.
Private and Government Initiatives: Various private and government initiatives aimed to train a sufficient number of competent artisans. Technical schools and academies provided structured training, while artisanal workshops and factories offered practical apprenticeships.
Importance of Foreign Masters
The influence of foreign masters was significant. Many Russian watchmakers trained abroad or under the guidance of foreign experts in Russia. These masters not only transferred technical knowledge but also introduced new production methodologies and quality standards.
Long-Term Impacts
Technical training and practical preparation of Russian watchmakers created a solid foundation for the development of the country’s watch industry. These efforts helped reduce reliance on imports and improve the quality of local production.
Conclusion
Training qualified personnel was essential for the success of the Russian watch industry. Educational and training initiatives, both governmental and private, enabled the creation of a competent and innovative workforce capable of meeting international market challenges and developing a competitive national industry.
Chapter 5: Conclusion
The conclusion of Olga Nikolaevna Melnikova’s book “Из истории развития часового производства в России” summarizes the main findings of the research and reflects on the historical importance of the watchmaking industry in Russia. This chapter highlights how watch production played a significant role in the country’s technological and socio-economic progress and offers perspectives on future research directions and the importance of preserving the cultural and technical heritage of Russian watchmaking.
Summary of Results
Origins and Development:
The history of watchmaking in Russia spans over six centuries, starting with the installation of the first mechanical clocks in the Moscow Kremlin. This development was influenced by European technological innovations and the adoption of advanced techniques in watch production.
State and Private Factories:
The first watch factories in Russia were founded under Catherine II’s reign to reduce import dependency and promote the national industry. Despite financial and technological challenges, these factories helped establish a solid foundation for the Russian watchmaking industry.
Imports and Innovation:
The importation of foreign watches, primarily from Switzerland and Germany, significantly impacted the Russian market. This stimulated local producers to improve quality and technological innovation in their products.
Training of Qualified Personnel:
Training qualified watchmakers was essential for the industry’s success. Technical schools, academies, and government initiatives provided the necessary skills to support domestic production.
Historical Importance
Technological Progress:
Watch production contributed to technological progress in Russia, introducing new techniques and tools that influenced other areas of precision mechanics and scientific instrumentation.
Socio-Economic Impact:
The watchmaking industry played an important role in economic development, creating jobs and promoting innovation. It also had a cultural impact, as watches became symbols of status and modernity.
Future Research Directions
In-Depth Studies:
The research suggests the need for further in-depth studies to better understand the internal dynamics of the Russian watchmaking industry. This includes analyzing individual factories, production techniques, and the personal histories of artisans.
Preservation of Heritage:
It is essential to preserve and value the cultural and technical heritage of Russian watchmaking. This can be achieved through the conservation of artifacts, documentation of traditional techniques, and promotion of Russian watchmaking history in educational and museum contexts.
Conclusion
Watch production in Russia has a long and rich history that continues to influence the present. Despite challenges, the Russian watchmaking industry has demonstrated remarkable innovation and adaptability. The book’s conclusion calls for recognizing the importance of this sector and supporting further research and initiatives to preserve and promote the Russian watchmaking tradition.
This summary of the concluding chapter provides a detailed overview of the main research findings and the author’s reflections on the historical and future importance of the watchmaking industry in Russia.
Introduction: This guide will show you how to effectively change your watch’s leather strap, providing practical advice and step-by-step instructions.
Step 1: Prepare the Necessary Tools
Gather the necessary tools: a small screwdriver, a spring bar tool, and the new leather strap.
Step 2: Remove the Existing Strap
Using the screwdriver or spring bar tool, remove the spring bars that hold the current strap to the watch. Remove the old strap and set it aside.
Step 3: Prepare the New Strap
Ensure the new strap is compatible with the watch in terms of width and lug attachment. Make sure you have the corresponding spring bars ready for installation.
Step 4: Install the New Strap
Insert the spring bars into the ends of the new strap. Align the spring bars with the lugs on the watch and push them into place using the spring bar tool or screwdriver. Ensure the spring bars are securely inserted to prevent the strap from coming off accidentally.
Step 5: Adjustment and Finishing
Wear the watch with the new strap to check its fit and comfort.
Conclusion: Replacing a leather watch strap is a relatively simple task you can do yourself by following the steps above. Follow the instructions carefully and enjoy the new strap that will give your watch a fresh and renewed look. Always remember to buy a strap compatible with your watch to ensure proper installation.
Vostok watches, produced in Russia, are icons of reliability and robustness in the watchmaking world. Known for their ability to withstand extreme conditions, these watches are cherished by both collectors and enthusiasts. Their history dates back to the Soviet era, during which they were developed to meet the needs of both the military and civilians. In this article, we will explore in detail the identification codes used to describe the movements and cases of Vostok watches. For convenience, the notation ABCDE/FGHIJKH is taken from the site: netgrafik.ch.
Understanding Vostok Watch Codes
Russian/Soviet movement and case codes follow a specific format: ABCDE/FGHIJKH.
ABCDE
AB: Movement diameter in mm.
CD, CDE: Soviet movement specification. For more details, refer to the table at the bottom of the page.
FGH
FGH: Case variation. Each combination of numbers represents a different case design or style.
I
I: Case material. Here are some examples from Vostok models:
0: Stainless steel and other metals without plating.
1: Chrome plated.
2: Gold plated.
3: Gilded (at least 5 microns).
4: Colour coated.
5: Synthetic, polymer, rubber.
7: Titanium alloy.
9: Glass, crystal, ceramics, marble.
JKH
JKH: Handset. Each combination represents a specific type of hands used on the watch.
Classification of Vostok Cases
The table below categorises the different cases used in Vostok watch models. The information is organised by case code (FGH), case material (I), watch model, and case shape.
Vostok Case Table
Case Code FGH
Material I
Handset Code JKH
Model
Case Material
Case Shape
35
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Tonneau
119
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Octagonal
71
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Octagonal
47
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Carre
32
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Tonneau
937
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Round
96
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Big Lug
25
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Ministry
02
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Round
42
0
XXX
Amphibia
Stainless steel
Round
62
7
XXX
Amphibia
Titanium alloy
Tonneau
38
1
XXX
Komandirskie
Chrome plated
Round
38
3
XXX
Komandirskie
Gold plated
Round
78
1
XXX
Komandirskie
Chrome plated
Round
78
3
XXX
Komandirskie
Gold plated
Round
44
1
XXX
Komandirskie
Chrome plated
Carre
44
3
XXX
Komandirskie
Gold plated
Carre
79
1
XXX
Komandirskie
Chrome plated
Round
79
3
XXX
Komandirskie
Gold plated
Round
139
1
XXX
Komandirskie
Chrome plated
Round
139
3
XXX
Komandirskie
Gold plated
Round
29
1
XXX
Komandirskie
Chrome plated
Round
29
3
XXX
Komandirskie
Gold plated
Round
34
1
XXX
Komandirskie
Chrome plated
Carre
34
9
XXX
Komandirskie
TiN
Carre
33
1
XXX
Komandirskie
Chrome plated
Tonneau
33
9
XXX
Komandirskie
TiN
Tonneau
09
1
XXX
Generalskie
Chrome plated
Round
Case Materials
Vostok watch cases are made from various materials, each with its own durability and aesthetic characteristics:
Stainless Steel (0): Offers exceptional resistance to corrosion and long durability. It is the predominant material for Amphibia models, known for their robustness.
Chrome Plated (1): Primarily used in Komandirskie models, providing a shiny finish and good corrosion resistance.
Gold Plated (3): Found in some Komandirskie models, giving a luxurious and refined appearance.
Titanium Alloy (7): Lightweight and highly resistant, used in models like the Amphibia for increased durability.
TiN (Titanium Nitride) (9): Known for its extreme hardness and scratch resistance, providing a distinctive golden finish.
Case Shapes
Vostok watch cases come in various shapes, each with a unique design to suit different tastes and aesthetic preferences:
Tonneau: An elegant, barrel-shaped design.
Octagonal: An eight-sided design often associated with robustness.
Carre: A square or rectangular shape offering a classic look.
Round: The most common and versatile shape, suitable for any style.
Main Models
Amphibia: Famous for their water resistance and robust construction, these watches feature cases in stainless steel or titanium alloy. Originally designed for the Soviet naval forces, they have become popular among divers and adventurers.
Komandirskie: Inspired by military style, these watches, though not officially used by the military, are available in chrome plated, gold plated, and TiN versions. They are known for their classic design and reliability.
Generalskie: These watches also feature a military-inspired style but lack evidence of official military use. They often include models with chrome plated cases.
Conclusion
Vostok watches perfectly combine history, engineering, and design. The diversity of cases, in terms of materials, models, and shapes, offers enthusiasts a wide range of choices. Whether you are a collector or simply a watch lover, Vostok models with their unique characteristics and reliability make an excellent choice. Their history and continuous evolution make them a fascinating topic for anyone interested in horology.
“Il tempo nello spazio” by Anna Pegna is a book that has captured the interest of many collectors and enthusiasts of Russian and Soviet horology. Published by Effequ in 2010, this text offers a detailed exploration of watches and astronautic enterprises in 20th-century Russia, making it an essential work for those who wish to better understand the interplay between technology, history, and Soviet space adventures. The title in Italian translates to “The Time in Space” in English.
Copertina del libro ‘Il tempo nello spazio’ di Anna Pegna, edito da Effequ, che racconta la storia degli orologi russi legati alle missioni spaziali del Novecento.
A Masterpiece Sought After by Collectors
“Il tempo nello spazio” is out of print and can only be found second-hand. Even the author, Anna Pegna, no longer has the original files, making a reprint impossible. This factor has increased the book’s value among collectors, making it a highly sought-after item.
A Detailed and Engaging Analysis
Chapter 1: The Beginnings
The first chapter, titled “Gli inizi” (“The Beginnings”), traces the history of Russian watchmaking from the Tsarist era to the October Revolution. 19th-century Russia is depicted as a primarily agricultural country with few industries and little tradition in watchmaking. The narrative focuses on early watchmaking experiences, such as that of Pavel Bure, who founded a factory in 1815 using Swiss movements. The contributions of pioneers like Piotr Vasil’evich Khautskij and Konstantin Tsiolkovskij, who laid the groundwork for future precision mechanics and Russian astronautics, are also highlighted.
Chapter 2: The First Factories of the New Regime
The second chapter examines the transformations that occurred after the October Revolution when the Soviet government recognised the importance of precision production. The acquisition and transfer of the American Dueber-Hampden factory to Russia marked the beginning of Soviet watch production. The establishment of the First State Watch Factory in Moscow and the introduction of early Soviet models like the Type-1 are described. This chapter also illustrates the initial difficulties and the need to develop an autonomous production independent of foreign technology.
Chapter 3: War-Time Watch Factories
The third chapter, “Le fabbriche di orologi di guerra” (“War-Time Watch Factories”), describes the crucial role of watchmaking during World War II. Soviet factories were relocated eastward to protect them from German attacks, focusing on producing military watches and precision instruments for aviation and the navy. The chapter recounts the story of the Zlatoust factory, which continued producing ammunition and parts for Katiusha rockets, and the Second Moscow Watch Factory, which moved to Chistopol. The strategic importance of precision watches in military operations is emphasised.
Chapter 4: Watch Factories in the Soviet System
The fourth chapter focuses on the organisation and management of watch factories within the Soviet system. Factories were not autonomous entities but part of a single state system. Each factory had its distinctive brands but often shared technologies and movements. This chapter explores how factories collaborated and integrated into the broader context of the Soviet planned economy.
Chapter 5: The Post-War Period
The fifth chapter, “Il dopoguerra” (“The Post-War Period”), describes the resumption of watch production after the war. Factories resumed mass production and introduced new models like the Pobeda. This chapter also examines the influence of German technology on Soviet chronographs and the role of war reparations in rebuilding the watch industry. The history of movements under LIP licence and the evolution of major factories like Kirova and Raketa are detailed.
Chapter 6: Men (and Women) in Space
This chapter offers an overview of Soviet space enterprises and the crucial role of watches in these missions. The stories of Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space, and the Shturmanskie watch he wore, along with key figures like Valentina Tereskova, the first woman in space, and Alexey Leonov, the first man to perform a spacewalk, are narrated alongside the watches that accompanied them.
Chapter 7: Beyond the Iron Curtain
The seventh chapter explores the spread and influence of Soviet watches beyond the USSR’s borders. The chapter details how these watches became popular in Eastern Bloc countries and were perceived in the West, highlighting export strategies and the international reputation of Soviet watches.
Chapter 8: Other Soviet Factories
This chapter focuses on other significant but less well-known Soviet watch factories. The histories of factories like Raketa, Chaika, Zarja, and Molnija and their unique contributions to Soviet horology are described. The peculiarities of each factory and their distinctive models are explored.
Chapter 9: After Khrushchev
The ninth chapter analyses the transformations in the Soviet watch industry following Khrushchev’s fall. It examines how Brezhnev’s policies influenced production and technological development. This chapter also describes the new models introduced during this period and the challenges faced by the industry.
Chapter 10: Watches of the 1970s
The tenth chapter focuses on the watches produced in the 1970s, a period of innovation and diversification. Iconic models like the Raketa Copernicus and Poljot Okean are described. The chapter examines design trends and emerging technologies of this decade.
Chapter 11: Watches of the 1980s
This chapter explores developments in Soviet watchmaking during the 1980s. The influence of the 1980 Moscow Olympics on watch production and the impact of political and social events on the industry are described. Models like Poljot and Vostok are discussed in detail.
Chapter 12: Spacecraft and Space Stations
The twelfth chapter offers an overview of Soviet space missions and the watches used aboard spacecraft and space stations. The chapter describes the role of watches in timing and coordinating space missions, highlighting the importance of precision and reliability.
Chapter 13: Epilogue
The final chapter, “Epilogo” (“Epilogue”), summarises the main themes of the book and reflects on the legacy of Soviet horology. The historical and cultural relevance of Soviet watches and their place in modern collecting are discussed. The chapter concludes with considerations on the importance of preserving this historical heritage.
A Must-Read for Enthusiasts
The book is highly praised for being well-written and engaging, providing not only technical details about the watches but also a rich historical narrative that contextualises technological evolution within the scope of Soviet space adventures. This book is a must-have for anyone passionate about Russian and Soviet horology, especially those interested in space exploration stories.
The Unique Appeal of Soviet Watches
One of the most fascinating aspects of the book is the description of Russian watches, known for their robustness and precision. These watches, offered at affordable prices, were the first to leave Earth’s atmosphere, accompanying astronauts like Gagarin and Leonov on their historic missions.
Conclusion
“Il tempo nello spazio” by Anna Pegna is a work that offers a unique perspective on Soviet horology and 20th-century space enterprises. Although out of print, this book remains a treasure for collectors and enthusiasts, representing a piece of history that combines engineering, adventure, and military history. If you haven’t read this book yet, searching for and acquiring it is an investment that will undoubtedly enrich your understanding and appreciation of Russian and Soviet horology.
Vremia watches, also known as Vremja (in Cyrillic время), are a fascinating example of how international collaboration can create unique and high-quality products. These watches were created in the late 1980s, thanks to the Italian company Binda, with the aim of capitalising on the growing popularity of Soviet culture in the West.
Vremia CCCP
The Birth of the Vremia Brand
The BPEMR (BPEMA) CCCP brand was officially registered on 24 March 1989, during a period of commercial opening in the USSR under Gorbachev’s leadership. This opening allowed for the export of various Soviet products to Western markets, where they were enthusiastically received thanks to their exotic charm and robust quality.
Vremia B&W
Features of Vremia Watches
Vremia watches are distinguished by a range of models with reliable mechanical movements such as the Slava 2414, Poljot 2612.1, and Poljot 3133. Their dials, essential and clean, embody the Soviet style of the era. Some models feature distinctive symbols like the Red Star, while others are more subtle, with a small “cccp” inscription in the centre of the dial.
Vremia Gold
Binda: The Italian Heart of Vremia Watches
Founded in 1906 by Innocente Binda, the Binda company has played a crucial role in the watch sector for over a century. Under the leadership of his grandsons, Simone and Marcello Binda, the company continues to produce and distribute high-quality watches. Binda Italia is known for its ability to combine innovative design and advanced technologies, offering a variety of products ranging from fashion models to more classic and technical watches, including “Swiss Made” timepieces.
Vremia Pocket watch
The Uniqueness of Vremia Watches
Vremia watches represent a perfect fusion of Russian tradition and Western craftsmanship. The “zerone rosso” model is an emblematic example of this mix, with a design that could easily have been produced by Poljot. Even the time-only and alarm clock models are highly appreciated for their quality and design.
These watches are a true hybrid: Italian construction with Russian mechanics. While they are adapted to the Italian market, they retain a unique charm that distinguishes them from traditional Russian watches. Despite the criticisms of purists, Vremia watches offer exceptional value, with accessible prices ranging from 100 to 150 euros.
Vremia Red Zero
Unique Details on the Case Back
A distinctive detail of Vremia watches is the inscription on the case back, which reads:
“Часы собранные в Швейцарии, двигатель механический подлинный русского производства. Mechanical movement originally produced in Russia, watch assembled in Switzerland.”
This inscription highlights the combination of Russian mechanics and Swiss assembly, ensuring the authenticity and high quality of these watches.
Vremia Red Star black dial
Conclusion
Vremia watches are a fascinating chapter in the history of watchmaking, characterised by a unique mix of Soviet aesthetics and European quality. Thanks to Binda’s initiative, these watches reflect the best of both worlds, combining attractive design with high standards of quality. A true treasure for watch enthusiasts looking for something unique and meaningful.
The Poljot brand represents one of the most significant symbols of the Russian watchmaking industry, with a history rich in technical successes and space adventures. Since its founding, Poljot has embodied the Soviet ambition to achieve technological self-sufficiency and establish itself as a world leader in watch production.
The Origins: From the United States to the Soviet Union
In the late 1920s, the Soviet Union relied heavily on imported watches, a necessity that cost the government precious gold. To end this dependency, it was decided in 1927 to start domestic watch production. In 1929, through the Amtorg Trading Corporation, the Soviet government purchased the facilities of two bankrupt American factories: the Ansonia Clock Company and the Dueber-Hampden Watch Company. Twenty-one former Dueber-Hampden employees moved to Moscow to train local workers, marking the beginning of the First Soviet Watch Factory.
Initially, the factory produced four main models: a 15-jewel pocket watch for the Ministry of Communications, a 7-jewel wristwatch for the Red Army, a 7-jewel civilian pocket watch, and a 15-jewel ladies’ wristwatch. Thanks to the training received, local workers soon managed production autonomously.
The War Period and Innovation
With the German invasion during World War II, the factory was relocated to Zlatoust and returned to Moscow in 1943. During this period, the factory also began producing ammunition. In 1946, the K26 Pobeda model was launched, followed in 1949 by the Sturmanskie model, designed exclusively for military aviation. This watch became famous when Yuri Gagarin probably wore it during the first human space flight on April 12, 1961.
In the 1950s, the factory continued to innovate, introducing the first automatic watch under the Rodina brand in 1956 and special models for unique missions, such as the Soviet Antarctic expedition in 1957. That same year, to celebrate the success of the Sputnik mission, commemorative watches were produced, remaining in production for only one year.
The Establishment of the Poljot Brand
In 1960, the first models bearing the Poljot name, which means “flight” in Russian, were launched. The brand became synonymous with quality and precision, exporting watches worldwide. The Strela chronograph, inspired by the Swiss Venus 150, was used by Alexei Leonov during the first spacewalk in 1965.
With the introduction of the Poljot brand in 1964, the factory consolidated all its models under a single label. The 1970s saw a renewal of available movements and the acquisition of production lines from the Swiss Valjoux, leading to the creation of the 3133 movement, a chronograph used for both military and civilian purposes.
The Post-Soviet Era and Revival
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1992, Poljot was named the official supplier to the President of the Russian Federation. The company ceased quartz watch production to focus on a niche market, introducing new lines based on modified 3133 movements. However, the company had to downsize and sell machinery to other companies, leading to the founding of Volmax by some former Poljot employees.
Despite the challenges, in 2003, Poljot adopted the name First Moscow Watch Factory, continuing production for the international market. Today, the Poljot brand is recognized for its tradition of precision and reliability, keeping alive a history inseparably linked to aviation and space adventures.
Curiosities and Iconic Models
Among the most famous Poljot models are the “Sturmanskie” worn by Gagarin and the “Strela” chronograph, symbols of Russian space exploration. Poljot watches are handcrafted by skilled artisans, giving them a distinctive and unique character. Limited editions and the “Aviator” collection are particularly appreciated by collectors for their bold design and cockpit readability.
Insights into Poljot’s History
The 1930s: The Birth of the Soviet Watch Industry
In 1930, with the construction of the factory in Moscow, watch production began at a brisk pace. The first watches produced still bore the Dueber-Hampden brand, but soon Soviet technicians managed to develop entirely new models. The First Soviet Watch Factory, renamed in 1935 in honor of Sergei Kirov, achieved notable success, producing millions of pocket and wristwatches.
The 1940s: War and Reconstruction
During World War II, the factory was evacuated to Zlatoust to avoid capture by the Germans. During this period, besides producing watches, the factory contributed to the war effort by manufacturing ammunition and other military materials. After the war, in 1946, the factory launched the famous Pobeda model, a symbol of Soviet victory.
The 1950s and 1960s: The Space Era
In the 1950s, Poljot began producing watches for military aviation and Soviet cosmonauts. The Sturmanskie model, worn by Gagarin during his historic space flight, became an icon. With the launch of the first artificial satellite Sputnik in 1957, Poljot celebrated the event with a commemorative watch. Producing automatic watches and chronographs became a priority, leading to the creation of models such as Rodina and Strela.
The 1970s and 1980s: Innovation and Expansion
During the 1970s, Poljot continued to innovate, introducing advanced movements such as the 3133 chronograph. The factory acquired production lines from the Swiss Valjoux, enabling the production of high-quality watches for both military and civilian markets. The 1980s saw an increase in exports, with Poljot becoming an internationally recognized brand.
The Foundation of Volmax and the End of 3133 Production
In the late 1990s, Poljot ceased quartz watch production to focus on high-quality mechanical movements. However, economic difficulties led to the sale of movement production machinery to other companies, including Vostok. In 2002, some discontented employees left Poljot to found Volmax, a company that continues to produce watches under the Aviator, Buran, and Sturmanskie brands.
In 2003, Poljot adopted the name First Moscow Watch Factory, limiting the Poljot brand to the domestic market. Production of the 3133 chronograph movement, a milestone in Poljot’s history, ceased definitively in 2011, marking the end of an era.
Vostok Komandirskie Tambov Higher Military Aviation Engineering School
A unique collector’s item for watch enthusiasts and Russian military history buffs
This Vostok Tambov watch represents a truly special collector’s piece, not only for its captivating design but also for its significant history. Crafted as a tribute to the graduates of the Tambov Higher Military Aviation Engineering School (ТВВАИУ) in 1994, on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of its foundation, this watch encapsulates a legacy of excellence and dedication in the field of Russian military aviation.
A Historical Institution with an Illustrious Past
The Tambov Higher Military Aviation Engineering School, founded in 1919 as the Aerial Photographic School of the Red Air Fleet, played a pivotal role in training highly qualified personnel for the Soviet and then Russian Air Force. Over the years, the school underwent several name changes, but it was always known as “СВЯЗЬ” (Communication) by its students and staff. Recognized as one of the most prestigious educational institutions in the country, the ТВВАИУ prepared generations of aeronautical engineers who contributed to the success of Russian aviation.
A Unique Design Celebrating Russian Aviation
The Vostok Tambov watch stands out for its distinctive design, which pays homage to the legacy of the ТВВАИУ and Russian aviation. The dark pink dial serves as the backdrop for a stylized image of a MiG-29, one of the most iconic fighters in Russian aviation. Gold lettering and a black grid complete the design, creating an elegant and refined aesthetic.
Unique Details that Tell a Story
At twelve o’clock, the double-headed eagle, the symbol of Russia, and a ribbon with the colors of the Russian flag and the inscription “75°” commemorate the anniversary of the founding of the ТВВАИУ. In the center of the dial, the spread golden wings and the image of a MiG-29 represent the strength and power of Russian aviation. The Cyrillic inscription “Тамбовское ВВАИУ” (Tambov Military Aviation Engineering School) completes the design, emphasizing the watch’s connection to the school.
A Collector’s Item for Enthusiasts
The Vostok Tambov watch is an unmissable collector’s item for watch enthusiasts and Russian military history buffs. Its unique design, significant history, and rarity make it a valuable object for anyone who appreciates Russian aviation and its rich tradition.
June 17, 2024, marks an important date for all enthusiasts of Russian collectible watches: the second volume of “Russian Collectible Watches” has been published. This 192-page book is a bilingual work in Italian and English, published by Reverdito. Its dimensions are 16.3 x 1.8 x 24 cm, making it a substantial yet manageable volume. The authors Lorenzo Fe, Andrea Manini, Karl Samsa, and Vanni Stefanini guide us on a fascinating journey through time and the history of Russian watchmaking.
Introduction to the Book
“Russian Collectible Watches – Volume 2” is a natural expansion of the first volume, which has already captured the attention of Soviet and Russian watch enthusiasts. This second book further delves into the vast and fascinating world of Russian watches, exploring over 150 models covering a time span of more than 100 years, from the first watches donated by the Imperial Romanov family to modern watches produced in the same factories that once belonged to the First Moscow Watch Factory.
A Journey Through Models and Stories
The over 300 high-quality photographs in the book reveal details that tell epic stories and the heroes of an era. Not only the watches, but also political and religious figures of the time find space in these pages. The space race, with its triumphs and challenges, is a central theme, and the images transport us to the crucial moments of this human adventure. The Perestroika, already mentioned in the first book, becomes a real fashion phenomenon, especially in Italy, with the “Red Army watches” flooding the market.
Technical Details and Innovations
Soviet engineers achieved extraordinary successes with ultra-thin, electromechanical, and quartz movements, remaining at the forefront of their time. This book not only explores these technical details but also contextualizes them within broader historical and cultural innovations.
Book Details
Here is a detailed preview of the main chapters of the book, offering a comprehensive and engaging overview for enthusiasts of Russian collectible watches:
Imperial Period
Pavel Buhre: The watches of the official jeweler of the Romanov family.
1ГЧЗ: The first attempts at industrial watchmaking.
НЧ-С “Generalskie”: Watches reserved for officers of the Red Army.
Soviet and Space Era
LUCH: Models that marked an era.
POBEDA: Symbols of victory and hope.
Galactika and Austro MIR 91: Watches that traveled into space.
POLJOT: The excellence of the 3017 chronographs.
Sturmanskie: The watches of pilots and cosmonauts.
From Perestroika to the Present Day
Vostok Komandirskie: Watches symbolizing military strength.
SLAVA: Models representing innovation and progress.
RAKETA: From the Soviet period to modern Russia.
Moscow Aerospace ’93: Watches celebrating space missions.
Special Features
One of the most fascinating aspects of the book is the attention to technical details. Soviet engineers achieved extraordinary successes with ultra-thin, electromechanical, and quartz movements, remaining at the forefront of their time. The book not only explores these technical details but also contextualizes them within broader historical and cultural innovations.
Furthermore, the volume also addresses lighter themes such as commercial productions that hint at military ones, or watches to be understood as real advertising gadgets or political propaganda tools. A curious example is the Vostok with a plastic case, a watch as innovative as it was unusual for its time.
Back Cover Presentation
The back cover of the book offers a perfect summary of what the reader can expect: a total immersion in a vast and fascinating subject like Soviet and Russian watchmaking. Through the over 300 high-quality photographs, the reader can explore details that tell epic stories and the heroes of an era, immersing themselves in a time span of over 100 years.
Conclusions
“Russian Collectible Watches – Volume 2” is a book for enthusiasts, made by enthusiasts. It does not represent any political or ideological inclination but is a work that explores the world of Russian and Soviet watchmaking as a pretext to study, photograph, and understand the world society, interconnected with the Russian one in many aspects. With the publication of this volume, another important piece is added to the knowledge of a sector as fascinating as it is little known, continuing a journey begun with the first book and destined to continue for a long time.
For those who wish to delve deeper, it is possible to contact the authors at russiancollectiblewatches@gmail.com. Happy reading and enjoy the journey through time!
Welcome to the fascinating world of Russian watches! In an exclusive interview conducted by Andrea, known as Sovietaly, we delve into the collection of Vittorio, a passionate enthusiast of Russian watches with an engaging story to share.
If you’re curious about exploring the world of Russian-inspired watches, get ready for an exciting journey that will take us through the history, technology, and uniqueness of these timepieces.
This interview video offers a privileged insight into Vittorio’s passion for Russian watches and the captivating stories behind each piece in his collection.
Introduction: Welcome! Whether you are a watch enthusiast or simply curious to explore a unique world, you are in the right place. This video by Andrea, known as Sovietaly in the watch world, takes us on an engaging journey through the collection of Vittorio, a lover of Russian watches with an overwhelming passion for the history and technology behind these incredible pieces.
Summary: In Andrea’s interview with Vittorio, we get an up-close look at Vittorio’s passion for Russian watches. Before becoming a collector, Vittorio developed a deep interest in the Russian language and culture, learning the language and visiting the country. Originally from Frosinone, Italy, but now residing in Warsaw, Poland, Vittorio shares how his passion for Russian watches grew over the years, starting with the serendipitous discovery of a 1990s Molnija pocket watch at a market. His collection, though not vast, includes significant pieces such as the Canfie Dia, his favorite watch due to the rich history it embodies.
Vittorio explains his extensive knowledge of the Russian language, almost at a native level, and his ability to converse fluently on any topic. He recalls his visits to Russia, starting in 2005, and his regular trips since then. Despite living in Poland for many years and initially knowing Polish only for tourist purposes, he later had to deepen his knowledge for work-related reasons.
Vittorio’s collection of watches extends beyond Russian models, including Swiss and Japanese pieces, reflecting his curiosity and openness to diverse cultures. He discusses the technical innovations and unique stories behind Russian watches, such as the use of plexiglass for waterproofing in Soviet-era dive watches, and his interest in the mechanical aspects of these timepieces.
Vittorio also shares his views on historical events, particularly the period from 1917 to 1991 in Russia, and his fascination with Soviet technological advancements like atomic icebreakers and amphibious vehicles. His passion for Russia goes beyond watches, encompassing history, geography, geopolitics, and culture, including 1990s and 2000s music that helped him learn the Russian language.
Finally, Vittorio mentions his online presence, including a website and participation in watch enthusiast forums, and his use of social media to share photos of his travels and collections. His enthusiasm for Russian watches is evident as he describes their stories, technical solutions, and the unique blend of history and technology they represent.
Conclusion: Andrea’s interview with Vittorio has been an exciting experience, taking us into the world of Russian watches through the eyes of a passionate enthusiast. With fascinating stories, technical curiosities, and palpable passion, Vittorio has introduced us to a universe where history and technology merge uniquely.
The October Revolution of 1917 was a momentous historical event that led to the founding of the Soviet Union. To commemorate the 70th anniversary of this revolution, the Vostok watch factory produced a special model of the Komandirskie watch, called the “Aurora”.
Vostok Komandirskie Aurora
The watch has a unique dial, with a bronze/brown background featuring the image of the Aurora, the battleship that fired the cannon shot that began the revolution. In the background, which takes up almost the entire dial, is a sky full of small explosions, halfway between cannon shots and fireworks.
This combination of elements is symbolic: on the one hand, it represents the first cannon shot fired by the Aurora, which began the revolution; on the other hand, it represents the celebration and joy that accompanied the event.
The watch is made of stainless steel, with a chrome-plated case and a bi-directional bezel. The movement is mechanical manual, with a Vostok 2414 caliber, which has 17 rubies and 19,800 vibrations per hour. The power reserve is 45 hours.
The watch is a collector’s item, combining a unique design with an important historical significance. It is perfect for fans of Soviet watches or of the history of the October Revolution.
Information about the October Revolution:
The October Revolution was a historical event that took place in Russia in 1917. The revolution led to the fall of the Russian Empire and the founding of the Soviet Union.
The revolution was led by the Bolsheviks, a political group led by Vladimir Lenin. The Bolsheviks were convinced that Russia could be transformed into a socialist society only through a revolution.
The revolution began on November 7, 1917, when the Bolsheviks took control of the city of Petrograd, now St. Petersburg. The Bolsheviks marched towards the Winter Palace, the seat of the imperial government, and captured it.
The October Revolution had a significant impact on world history. It led to the birth of the first socialist state and helped to spread socialist ideas around the world.
Information about the Aurora:
The Aurora was a Russian battleship that was built in 1903. The ship was used during World War I and the Russian Civil War.
The Aurora is famous for firing the cannon shot that began the October Revolution. The cannon shot was fired on November 7, 1917, from a distance of about 2 kilometers from the Winter Palace.
The Aurora is now a museum, located in St. Petersburg.
Vostok Amphibia 470303: A Soviet Relic at Garbagnate‘s Secondhand Market
orologio vostok amphibia 470303 2409
Are you passionate about vintage watches and history? The Vostok Amphibia 470303 is an authentic historical piece, its story intertwining with the late ’80s and early ’90s. Found at the bustling secondhand market in Garbagnate Milanese, this Soviet watch is a gem waiting to be discovered by precision and aesthetics enthusiasts.
Technical Information – Caliber 2409a with 17 Jewels
The heart of this watch is its caliber 2409a, a manual movement with 17 jewels ensuring reliability and precision. Waterproof up to 200 meters, it features a screw-down crown and soft iron antimagnetic protection. Its bidirectional rotating bezel makes it practical and functional for outdoor enthusiasts.
Vostok_2409 Rannft (C)
Design and Exclusive Details
The silver metallic dial with the distinctive blue ‘Maltese cross’ offers timeless elegance. Dark Amphibia arrow-style hands and a red second hand add a touch of originality. It’s worth noting that a modern copy of this dial does not feature the ‘antimagnetic’ inscription.
orologio vostok amphibia 470303 2409
Historical Trivia: Antimagnetism in Watchmaking
The history of antimagnetism in watches is fascinating. Although it’s not clear who invented the first antimagnetic wristwatch, models like the 1940s IWC Pilot’s Watch Mark XI and later iterations by Omega, Rolex, and Jaeger-LeCoultre introduced robust and functional antimagnetic versions.
If you’re seeking a relic from the Soviet era that embodies stories and precision, the Vostok Amphibia 470303 is an unmissable option. It merges vintage aesthetics with modern functionality, making it a one-of-a-kind piece.
Technical Specifications
Vostok Amphibia 470
Reference: 470303 Production: Late ’80s to early ’90s Caliber: 2409A with 17 jewels Winding: Manual Water Resistance: Up to 200m Crown: Screw-down Dial: Silver metallic with a blue ‘Maltese cross,’ dark Amphibia arrow-style hands Antimagnetic Protection: Soft iron Bezel: Bidirectional rotating Versions: ‘Boctok’ for domestic market, ‘Wostok’ for export
Exclusive Wide Selection of Vostok Amphibian Classic – Discover Model 170510 on Meranom
Experience the timeless elegance of the Vostok Amphibian Classic 170510 at Meranom! Marrying classic design with impeccable precision, this new model epitomizes Russian watchmaking craftsmanship. With unique features and reliable construction, it’s the perfect companion for quality watch enthusiasts. Explore the extensive range at Meranom and add an authentic touch to your style with the Vostok Amphibian Classic 170510. Click here to explore this exclusive collection and find the model that perfectly fits your personal taste.
Unveiling the Legacy: A Journey into the World of Soviet Watches
Soviet watches stand as relics of a bygone era, encapsulating the heritage of craftsmanship and innovation. They’re not just timekeepers but symbols of a unique era that captivates both collectors and enthusiasts worldwide. Within the realm of horology, Soviet watches carve out a distinct identity, appealing to those who seek history on their wrists.
Molnija RUSSIA LABOR POWER OF THE PEOPLE SOCIALISM
The Timeless Allure of Authentic Soviet Watches
Authentic Soviet watches possess a mystique that transcends time. Crafted with precision and imbued with historical significance, these timepieces mirror the essence of an era long past. From the iconic Raketa to the enduring designs of Poljot, each watch narrates a story of Soviet artistry and engineering prowess.
Vostok Komandirskie 1 serie Navy
Exploring Soviet Watches: A Historical Perspective
Soviet watches are not just accessories; they’re portals to history. They chronicle a period of technological advancement and cultural significance. The 24-hour dials, distinct designs, and enduring durability showcase the ingenuity of Soviet craftsmanship, making each watch a timeless artifact.
Vostok Komandirskie Great Patriotic War
Acquiring Authentic Soviet Watches: Tips and Insights
When venturing into acquiring Soviet watches, authenticity is paramount. Comprehensive research through reputable sources like SovietAly ensures a reliable purchase. Understanding the nuances in design, movement, and historical context aids in discerning genuine timepieces from replicas or alterations.
Zim 60 years of USSR
Conclusion: Embracing the Soviet Watch Legacy
Soviet watches continue to fascinate and captivate horology enthusiasts with their enduring appeal. Their ability to bridge the past with the present makes them not just timekeepers but living testaments to a remarkable era. Embrace the allure, history, and craftsmanship of Soviet watches and own a piece of a legacy that stands the test of time.
Vostok Komandirskie: Symbols of Russian History and Identity
Vostok Komandirskie watches are tangible testaments to Russian history, produced since the 1980s and still made in the Chistopol factory. In addition to being a piece of history, these watches embody the identity and pride of Russia through the emblems of important entities.
The Emblems of Vostok Komandirskie
Orologi Vostok Komandirskie 819630
Orologio Vostok Komandirskie 819633
Orologio Vostok Komandirskie 819639
Vostok Komandirskie 819630 (ВДВ): This model features the emblem of the ВДВ (Воздушно-десантные войска), the Russian airborne forces. This acronym is transliterated as Vozdushno-desantnye voyska. Buy it here.
Vostok Komandirskie 819633 (ПВРФ): Here we find the central emblem of the ПВРФ (Пограничная служба Федеральной службы безопасности Российской Федерации), the border service of the Russian Federation, transliterated as Pogranichnaya sluzhba Federalnoy sluzhby bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Buy it here.
Vostok Komandirskie 819639 (МЧС РФ): This model features the central emblem of the МЧС РФ (Министерство Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны), the Ministry for Civil Defence Affairs of the Russian Federation, transliterated as Ministerstvo Rossiyskoy Federatsii po delam grazhdanskoy oborony. Buy it here.
Vostok Komandirskie: Historic and Contemporary
The history of Vostok Komandirskie watches dates back to the 1980s, but their production continues to reflect Russian heritage. On Meranom.com, you can explore these iconic watches with the emblems of the ВДВ, ПВРФ and МЧС РФ, authentic symbols of Russian history and identity.
If you are a watch enthusiast looking to enrich your collection with unique and high-quality pieces, don’t miss the opportunity offered by Meranom.com, a historic retailer of Russian Vostok watches. With the exclusive discount code “sovietaly,” you can bring home the timeless charm of Russian watches at an even more affordable price.
The Tradition of Meranom.com with Vostok and Beyond
Meranom.com is renowned for its wide selection of Russian Vostok watches, true gems of watchmaking craftsmanship. However, the site offers much more. In addition to the famous Vostok watches, Meranom.com presents models from Buyalov and Attache, each with its distinctive brand. Moreover, many watches in the catalog are equipped with internationally sourced calibers, ensuring high-performance standards.
Here are the various sections to explore on the site:
The discount code “sovietaly” is the key to saving 5% on your purchases on Meranom.com. It is important to note that this discount is only applicable to full-priced watches, excluding those already enjoying special discounts. A perfect opportunity for those seeking authenticity and uncompromising quality.
How to Use the Discount Code
Explore the extensive catalog of Meranom.com, from Vostok to Buyalov and Attache.
Add your favorite watch to the cart.
During checkout, enter the discount code “sovietaly.”
Admire the discounted price and complete your purchase with savings.
Meranom.com’s Commitment
Meranom.com is committed to offering not only high-quality products but also a hassle-free shopping experience. Take advantage of attentive customer service and fast shipping to enjoy your new watch in the shortest possible time.
Conclusion
Discover the fascinating world of Russian watches on Meranom.com and save in style using the discount code “sovietaly.” Make sure to seize this unique opportunity to add a touch of authentic watchmaking craftsmanship to your collection.
If you’re a devoted collector of Soviet watches and you’ve been searching online for the “Sovietaly” channel and website, you may have noticed that some individuals tend to type “Soviet Italy” or “Soviet Itali” instead. No worries, you’re in the right place! In this article, we’ll delve into the backstory of this distinctive name and guide you on how to easily locate us on the web, even if you’ve used a different spelling.
Origin of the Name Sovietaly
“Sovietaly” is a combination of two meaningful words: “Soviet” and “Italy.” This name was created by an Italian collector of Russian and Soviet watches who manages a TikTok channel and a YouTube channel dedicated to the passion for Soviet watchmaking. But why this choice of name?
Soviet: This part of the name pays homage to the world of Soviet watches. The Soviet Union was famous for producing high-quality and reliable watches that continue to fascinate watch enthusiasts worldwide. Soviet watchmaking has a rich and fascinating history and is an endless source of collectibles.
Italy: This part of the name represents the Italian pride of the channel and website’s creator. Being Italian, the collector wanted to emphasize their origin, promoting the passion for Soviet watches within the Italian and international watch community.
How to Find Us Online
Now that you know the origin of the name “Sovietaly,” you understand that it’s a combination of “Soviet” and “Italy” that reflects the passion for Soviet watches and the Italian pride of the creator. But how can you easily find us online, even if you’ve written “Soviet Italy” or “Soviet Itali”?
Here are some tips to improve your search:
Sovietaly on Google: If you’ve searched for “Soviet Italy” on Google, be sure to include “Sovietaly” in your search. For example, type “Sovietaly Soviet watches” to quickly find the channel and website.
Sovietaly on YouTube and TikTok: If you’re looking for video content from the channel, search directly for “Sovietaly” on YouTube and TikTok. You’ll find interesting videos about Soviet watchmaking and the host’s passions.
Use Synonyms: If you have difficulty remembering the exact name, search using synonyms like “Italian Soviet watches” or “Italian collector of Russian watches.”
Follow Us on Social Media: To stay updated on the latest news and new content related to Soviet watches, follow Sovietaly on social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok.
In conclusion, if you searched for “Soviet Italy” or “Soviet Itali” and ended up on this page, now you know that “Sovietaly” is the correct name. This unique name reflects the passion for Soviet watches and the Italian pride of the channel and website’s creator. So, continue to explore Sovietaly’s content and join the community of Soviet watch enthusiasts. No matter how you spell it, we are here to share with you the beauty and history of these extraordinary timepieces.
The radio room clock is a special shipboard clock used in the radio rooms of ships. Its purpose is to indicate periods of radio silence, during which it is forbidden to transmit or receive radio signals.
Why is radio silence necessary?
Radio silence is necessary to avoid interference with the transmissions of other ships or radio stations. These interferences can cause communication, navigation, or safety problems.
How does the radio room clock work?
The dial of the radio room clock is divided into two colored sectors: red for telegraph silence and green (or a different shade of red) for radio silence..
Telegraph silence lasts three minutes and starts 15 and 45 minutes after each hour.
Radio silence lasts three minutes and starts 0 and 30 minutes after each hour.
A curiosity
An ancient seafaring legend tells that, in the past, sailors used another technique to indicate periods of radio silence. This technique consisted of ringing a bell three times, at three-minute intervals.
Conclusion
The radio room clock is an important tool to ensure the safety and efficiency of radio communications at sea.
Other details
In addition to its main function of indicating periods of radio silence, the radio room clock can also be used to indicate the current time, date, and position of the ship.
Some radio room clocks also have additional features, such as a chronograph or a timer.
The radio room clock is an iconic object in maritime culture. It is a symbol of tradition and innovation, and it represents the importance of radio communications for navigation.
Additional details
The radio room clock is typically located in the radio room of a ship. It is used by the ship’s radio operators to ensure that they do not transmit or receive radio signals during periods of radio silence.
The radio room clock is a relatively simple device, but it is an essential part of maritime safety. It helps to ensure that ships can communicate effectively with each other and with shore stations, and it helps to prevent accidents and collisions at sea.
In this article, I will review the Vostok Komandirskie 436942, a classic model produced by the Chistopol factory in Russia. The watch is available for purchase on the Meranom.com online store, an authorized dealer of Vostok watches.
Technical specifications
The watch has a brass case with a new type of titanium oxocarbonitride coating that gives it a pleasant matte gray metallic appearance. The dial is matte black with the Cyrillic abbreviation “мчс России” which means Ministry of Emergency Situations and the English word “EMERCOM”.
It is powered by a Vostok 2414 manual-winding movement with 17 jewels. The power reserve is 36 hours and the recommended service interval is every 10 years. The watch has a thermoformed acrylic crystal and a water resistance rating of 20 meters.
Vostok Komandirskie 436942 EMERCOM
Relationship with the Ministry of Emergency Situations
The Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations is a government agency responsible for dealing with natural and man-made disasters. The Vostok Komandirskie 436942 is a commemorative model of the ministry.
mchs Emercom russian patch
Value for money
The Vostok Komandirskie 436942 offers excellent value for money. The watch is well-built and has a classic design. The purchase price is less than $60. The price may vary over time.
It is possible to purchase this watch by clicking on the image below to support content creation:
The Vostok Komandirskie 436942 is an excellent choice for anyone looking for a classic and reliable watch at an affordable price.
Follow me on TikTok
If you enjoyed this review, I invite you to follow my TikTok channel, where I talk about Soviet watches and other objects related to the history and culture of the Soviet Union.
The Raketa World Timer watch is seriously cool because it allows you to time travel without leaving your couch. With this city bezel, you can see what time it is around the world with just one glance. In this article, we’ll take a look at the cities that stand out on the Raketa watch and find out their current names, time zones, and some cool tourist tidbits.
Raketa World Time
London (Лондон)
Country: United Kingdom
Time Zone: GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) +0
London is a brilliant city in the United Kingdom. There’s Big Ben, the Queen, and loads of history.
Geneva (Женева)
Country: Switzerland
Time Zone: CET (Central European Time) +1
Geneva is where all the banks and diplomacy stuff happens. Oh, and there’s a stunning lake too.
Moscow (Москва)
Country: Russia
Time Zone: MSK (Moscow Standard Time) +3
Moscow is the Russian capital with Red Square and the Kremlin. So much history!
Gorky (Горький)
Country: Russia
Time Zone: MSK (Moscow Standard Time) +3
Gorky, now called Nizhny Novgorod, is famous for its ancient architecture and great views.
Sverdlovsk (Свердловск)
Country: Russia
Time Zone: MSK (Moscow Standard Time) +3
Sverdlovsk, now Ekaterinburg, is another Russian city known for its history and old stuff.
Tashkent (Ташкент)
Country: Uzbekistan
Time Zone: UZT (Uzbekistan Time) +5
Tashkent is the capital of Uzbekistan, with delicious food and interesting history.
Novosibirsk (Новосибирск)
Country: Russia
Time Zone: KRAT (Krasnoyarsk Time) +7
Novosibirsk is the biggest city in Siberia and it’s famous for its entertainment and culture.
Irkutsk (Иркутск)
Country: Russia
Time Zone: IRKT (Irkutsk Time) +8
Irkutsk is near Lake Baikal and it’s perfect for nature lovers.
Yakutsk (Якутск)
Country: Russia
Time Zone: YAKT (Yakutsk Time) +9
Yakutsk is one of the coldest cities in the world, so be ready for some serious cold!
Vladivostok (Владивосток)
Country: Russia
Time Zone: VLAT (Vladivostok Time) +10
Vladivostok is a seaport city in the Russian Far East, with a super important location.
Magadan (Магадан)
Country: Russia
Time Zone: MAGT (Magadan Time) +11
Magadan is famous for its history connected to forced labor camps.
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy is located on a peninsula with volcanoes – super cool!
Anadyr (Анадырь)
Country: Russia
Time Zone: ANAT (Anadyr Time) +12
Anadyr is in the Chukotka region, really far away.
Samoa (Apia)
Country: Samoa
Time Zone: WST (West Samoa Time) +13
Samoa is a tropical paradise with fantastic beaches and Polynesian culture.
Honolulu (Гонолулу)
Country: United States (Hawaii)
Time Zone: HST (Hawaii Standard Time) -10
Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii, with wonderful beaches and a laid-back atmosphere.
Alaska (Аляска)
Country: United States (Alaska)
Time Zone: AKST (Alaska Standard Time) -9
Alaska is amazing with its breathtaking nature and outdoor adventures.
San Francisco (Сан-Франциско)
Country: United States (California)
Time Zone: PST (Pacific Standard Time) -8
San Francisco has the Golden Gate Bridge, Alcatraz, and delicious food.
Denver (Денвер)
Country: United States (Colorado)
Time Zone: MST (Mountain Standard Time) -7
Denver is growing big time and it’s surrounded by the Rocky Mountains. Awesome!
Chicago (Чикаго)
Country: United States (Illinois)
Time Zone: CST (Central Standard Time) -6
Chicago is famous for its architecture, blues music, and incredible food.
New York (Нью-Йорк)
Country: United States (New York)
Time Zone: EST (Eastern Standard Time) -5
New York is the city that never sleeps, with skyscrapers, world-class museums, and wild nightlife.
Buenos Aires (Буэнос-Айрес)
Country: Argentina
Time Zone: ART (Argentina Time) -3
Buenos Aires is the capital of Argentina, famous for tango and great food.
Rio de Janeiro (Рио-де-Жанейро)
Country: Brazil
Time Zone: BRT (Brasília Time) -3
Rio de Janeiro has stunning beaches, Carnival, and a laid-back atmosphere.
Reykjavik (Рейкьявик)
Country: Iceland
Time Zone: GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) +0
Reykjavik is the capital of Iceland, surrounded by incredible natural landscapes.
Dakar (Дакар)
Country: Senegal
Time Zone: GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) +0
Dakar is the capital of Senegal, with African culture and fantastic music.
With the Raketa World Timer watch, you can travel through these amazing cities without leaving your home. Whether you’re a watch enthusiast or an explorer at heart, this watch is perfect for you. Discover the world in style!
Raketa 24h watches are a type of mechanical watch produced by the Raketa factory in St. Petersburg, Russia. These watches are characterized by a 24-hour dial instead of the usual 12-hour dial.
Raketa 24h Marine
How the hour hand works
The hour hand on a Raketa 24h watch is the longest hand and is located in the center of the dial. The hour hand completes one full rotation in 24 hours, from midnight to midnight.
To read the time on a Raketa 24h watch, you need to identify the index on the dial that corresponds to the position of the hour hand. The index indicates the time of day.
For example, if the hour hand is at the 12 o’clock index, it is midnight. If the hour hand is at the 6 o’clock index, it is 6:00 am. If the hour hand is at the 18 o’clock index, it is 6:00 pm.
Raketa 24h Zestril
How the minute hand works
The minute hand on a Raketa 24h watch is the shortest hand and is located in the center of the dial, next to the hour hand. The minute hand completes one full rotation in 60 minutes.
To read the minutes on a Raketa 24h watch, you need to identify the number on the dial that corresponds to the position of the minute hand. The number indicates the minutes of the day.
For example, if the minute hand is at the 12 o’clock index, it is 00:00. If the minute hand is at the 6 o’clock index, it is 00:30. If the minute hand is at the 18 o’clock index, it is 06:00.
Soviet and Russian Raketa 24h watches
Raketa 24h watches were often used in closed environments or above the Arctic Circle, when it is not possible to accurately determine the time of day by observing the sun.
In fact, above the Arctic Circle, the sun never sets during the summer and never rises during the winter. In these cases, a Raketa 24h watch is the only way to know the correct time.
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