Russian watchmaking Archivi

CCCP Sputnik 1 – A Watch That Celebrates the Space Age

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Introduction

The CCCP Sputnik 1 is more than just a watch: it is a tribute to the first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. This timepiece captures the spirit of an era filled with discoveries and technological advancements, symbolizing the history of space exploration.

Design Inspired by the First Satellite

The design of the CCCP Sputnik 1 directly reflects the iconic Sputnik 1 satellite. The watch features a dial that prominently displays the historic date of October 4, 1957, celebrating a pivotal moment in history. The dial is meticulously crafted, with elements that evoke the four antennas of the Sputnik 1, giving it a distinctive and captivating appearance.

Technical Specifications of the CCCP Sputnik 1

Beneath its vintage exterior, the CCCP Sputnik 1 houses a robust mechanical movement. It is powered by the Slava 2427 caliber, an automatic movement produced during the Soviet era. This movement has a 24 mm diameter and contains 26 or 27 jewels, providing a power reserve of approximately 40 hours. It also features two barrels for enhanced durability and precision, as well as shock protection.

The movement supports three central hands for hours, minutes, and seconds, and includes a day/date function positioned at 3:00. A quick date adjustment is made possible via a dedicated pusher at 2:00, making this watch both functional and visually appealing.

The CCCP and Slava Brands

The CCCP brand draws inspiration from the Soviet era of Russian history, a period marked by significant technological and scientific progress. The name CCCP is derived from the Cyrillic acronym for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Союз Советских Социалистических Республик, transliterated as Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik.

Slava, one of Russia’s most historic watch brands, has a storied past that dates back to the Second Moscow Watch Factory. Today, however, the brand is owned by Citychamp Watch & Jewellery Group Ltd., a Chinese holding company that acquired Slava as part of its global expansion strategy. Citychamp also owns prestigious brands such as Corum and Eterna, blending European and Soviet watchmaking traditions with modern Chinese manufacturing capabilities.

Citychamp is renowned for preserving the historical identity of the brands it acquires, continuing to produce watches that are not only functional but also collectible. For more information on CCCP and Slava watches, visit their official website www.cccptime.com.

Why Choose the CCCP Sputnik 1?

Owning a CCCP Sputnik 1 means having a timepiece that not only commemorates a significant moment in human history but also represents a fine example of Russian watchmaking craftsmanship. It is ideal for watch enthusiasts who value both historical significance and technical excellence.

Conclusion

The CCCP Sputnik 1 is more than just a watch: it is a tribute to an extraordinary historical event. With its design inspired by the first artificial satellite and the Slava 2427 automatic movement, this watch is poised to become a collectible piece for all horology and space history enthusiasts.

History of Slava: The Second Moscow Watch Factory

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The history of Slava, one of the most iconic brands in Russian watchmaking, begins with the foundation of the Second Moscow Watch Factory. This article explores the origins, development, challenges, and evolutions of this historic factory up to its current state.

Origins of the Second Moscow Watch Factory

Founded in 1924, the Second Moscow Watch Factory was one of the first non-military watch manufacturers in the Soviet Union. In 1929, the Soviet Union acquired two American watch factories, the Dueber-Hampden Watch Company and the Ansonia Clock Company, to start its own watchmaking industry (Wixsite) (Wixsite). Official watch production began in 1931, using the equipment purchased from the Ansonia Clock Company.

During World War II, the factory was evacuated to Chistopol and focused on producing military equipment. After the war, the factory returned to Moscow and resumed civilian watch production (Two Broke Watch Snobs) (Wikipedia).

The Birth of the Slava Brand

In the 1950s, the factory began producing watches under the brand name “Slava,” which means “glory” in Russian. This brand was distinguished for producing watches exclusively for civilian consumption, without military or aerospace pretensions (Wixsite) (Wikipedia).

Innovations and Awards

The Slava factory was innovative from its early years. In the 1960s, it introduced the “Slava Transistor,” a watch with an electronic movement that won a gold medal at the Leipzig Fair in 1964 (DuMarko) (Слава – Русские часы). Other significant awards include the gold medal at the Brno International Fair in 1974 and another gold medal at the Leipzig Fair in 1975 for models with a 24mm caliber (Слава – Русские часы).

Expansion and Collaborations

From 1955 to 1979, Slava exported up to 50% of its production to over 72 countries. It collaborated with other Soviet manufacturers like Raketa and Vostok to develop advanced movements (DuMarko) (Слава – Русские часы).

Challenges of Privatization

After the fall of the USSR, the Slava factory faced numerous difficulties. During the privatization of the 1990s, many movements were exported to China and Hong Kong to produce cheap counterfeits, damaging the brand’s reputation (Wikipedia) (Слава – Русские часы).

Revival and Current Situation

In 2005, the factory and the Slava brand were acquired by Globex Bank and later transferred to the city of Moscow. The production facilities near Belorusskaya metro station were demolished in 2008 to make way for a shopping center, while wristwatch production was maintained and integrated into the Slava Technopark (Wikipedia) (Слава – Русские часы).

Since 2016, Slava has been using movements produced by the Chistopol Watch Factory “Vostok” for its new models (Слава – Русские часы). Today, production continues with new models inspired by historic designs, such as “Slava Televisor,” “Era,” “Mir,” “Sadko,” “Ais,” and “Doctor,” using the original Slava 2427 movements (Слава – Русские часы).

Anecdotes and Trivia

An interesting fact is about the “Slava Transistor” model, which won a gold medal at the Leipzig Fair in 1964. This watch used an electronic movement that was innovative for its time, showcasing the factory’s technological advancement (DuMarko).

Another anecdote involves Slava’s appearance in the 2016 Bulgarian film “Glory” (original title “Slava”), where the protagonist’s Slava watch plays a key role in the plot (Wikipedia).

Conclusion

The history of Slava is a journey through the evolution of Russian watchmaking, from its roots in the Second Moscow Watch Factory to its current production of innovative models. Despite the challenges of privatization and counterfeiting, Slava continues to represent excellence in watchmaking.

For more information and updates on new Slava models, visit the official Slava website.

Sources:

History of Poljot: From the First Moscow Watch Factory to Volmax and Maktime

Sovietaly™ Analysis and Opinions, Soviet Watches, Transitional Watches 16 July 202416 July 2024Aviator, buran, calibre 2416, calibre 2609, calibre 2612, calibre 3133, calibro 2416, calibro 2612, calibro 3133, First Moscow Watch Factory, Maktime, mechanical movement, orologeria russa, orologi Pobeda, orologi sovietici, Pobeda watches, poljot, Prima Fabbrica di Orologi di Mosca, produzione di orologi, Russian watch tradition, Russian watchmaking, Sergei Kirov, Soviet watches, sputnik, Sturmanskie, tradizione orologiera russa, Volmax, watch production, Yuri Gagarin 0 Comment

The “history of Poljot” begins with the establishment of the First Moscow Watch Factory (Первый Государственный Часовой Завод) in 1930, a key event within the framework of the first Soviet Five-Year Plan. This plan, launched in 1928, aimed to develop heavy industry and modernise the Soviet economy, and the creation of a state-owned watch factory was a significant part of this effort. On December 21, 1927, the Council of Labour and Defence approved a resolution to organise watch production in the USSR, with the goal of producing watches that were comparable in quality and precision to those from Switzerland and the United States (Poljot Watch) (Moscow Watch).

Foundation and Early Years

The Birth within the Context of the Five-Year Plan

To achieve this goal, a group of Soviet engineers was sent to the United States to study production techniques. In 1929, the Soviet government purchased machinery and equipment from the Dueber-Hampden Watch Company in Canton, Ohio, and the Ansonia Clock Company in Brooklyn, New York. These machines were transported to Moscow, along with 23 American technicians, to initiate production (Caliber Corner) (KaminskyBlog).

Initial Production Years

Construction of the factory began in February 1930 and was completed by June of the same year. Official production started on October 1, 1930, with the first 50 pocket watches, known as Type-1 or К-43, based on the Hampden Size 16 calibre. Despite initial difficulties, including a shortage of skilled workers and frequent machinery breakdowns, production rapidly improved thanks to intensive worker training and the establishment of a repair workshop (Moscow Watch).

Expansion and Development

Dedication to Kirov and Production Growth

In 1935, the factory was renamed in honour of Sergei Kirov, a Bolshevik leader who had been assassinated. This event marked a period of expansion, with production reaching 450,000 pieces per year and the beginning of special watch production for cars and aeroplanes (Moscow Watch).

Evacuation during World War II

During World War II, the factory was evacuated to Zlatoust due to the advancing German forces. However, part of the equipment was brought back to Moscow in 1943, and the factory resumed production, focusing on wristwatches. This period also marked the beginning of the production of the renowned Pobeda watch (KaminskyBlog).

The Birth of the Poljot Brand

Name Change and New Models

In 1947, the factory was renamed the First Moscow Watch Factory and started producing the Pobeda wristwatch. In the 1950s, the factory became well-known for numerous innovative models, including the first Soviet automatic watches and special watches for Antarctic expeditions (Moscow Watch) (Poljot Watch).

Introduction of the Poljot Brand

In 1964, all previous brands were consolidated under the name Poljot, which means “flight” in Russian. Poljot quickly became the flagship brand of the Soviet watch industry, producing historical watches used in important space missions, including those worn by Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space (Poljot Watch).

Decline and Post-Soviet Transformation

Decline in the 1980s and 1990s

In the 1980s, the quality of Soviet watches began to decline due to economic stagnation and technological difficulties. After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the Poljot factory was privatised and transformed into a joint-stock company in 1992. However, financial and managerial difficulties continued to plague the company (KaminskyBlog).

Establishment of Volmax and Maktime

Volmax was founded in 2000 by a group of former Poljot employees. The company focused on producing high-quality watches using historical Poljot designs and movements. Brands such as Aviator, Buran, and Sturmanskie were revived under Volmax, keeping the Russian watchmaking tradition alive (Moscow Watch) (KaminskyBlog).

Maktime, founded in 1996, acquired machinery and equipment from Poljot, including those necessary to produce the famous calibre 3133. Maktime continued the production of this movement and introduced various exclusive watch models, including skeleton watches with precious metal cases and decorations with precious stones (Caliber Corner).

Key Brands of the First Moscow Watch Factory

Brand	Description
Poljot	Means “flight” in Russian; introduced in 1964, becoming the main brand for export and domestic markets.
Pobeda	Means “victory” in Russian; one of the first watches produced after World War II.
Sturmanskie	Worn by Yuri Gagarin on his first space flight; means “navigator”.
Kirovskie	Named in honour of Sergei Kirov; one of the first brands after the factory’s name change in 1935.
Mayak	Means “lighthouse” in Russian; one of the brands used in the 1950s and 1960s.
Moskva	Means “Moscow” in Russian; used in the 1950s.
Rodina	Means “motherland” in Russian; the first Soviet watch with an automatic winding function.
Sportivnie	Means “sporting” in Russian; watches with chronograph functions.
Signal	Mechanical watches with alarm functions; introduced in the late 1950s.
Sputnik	Commemorative of the launch of the first artificial satellite; introduced in 1957.
Antarktida	Special watches produced for Antarctic expeditions.
Kosmos	Means “cosmos” in Russian; commemorative space watches.
Orbita	Means “orbit” in Russian; one of the brands used for wristwatches.
Strela	Means “arrow” in Russian; worn by Alexei Leonov during the first spacewalk.
Vympel	A brand for high-precision watches.
Buran	Also used for more recent models.
Aviator	Mainly used for aviator watches.

Main Calibres Produced

Mechanical Calibres

Calibre 3133: Based on the Valjoux 7734, this is one of the most renowned chronograph movements.
Calibre 2612: Mechanical movement with an alarm function.
Calibre 2609: Used in Sturmanskie watches.

Quartz Calibres

Calibre 2416: Quartz movement used in various Poljot models in the 1980s and 1990s.
Calibre 2431: Another quartz movement produced in the later years of Poljot’s operations.

Conclusion

The “history of Poljot” is a journey through decades of technological and historical changes, consistently maintaining the high quality and craftsmanship of Russian watches. The legacy of Poljot continues to live on through the efforts of Volmax and Maktime.

The CARDI Vostok Watch Brand: A Collaboration Between Design and Russian Mechanics

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Introduction

The CARDI Vostok watch brand represents a unique collaboration between Western design and Russian mechanical precision. Founded in the early 1990s, this brand distinguished itself with unique designs and the use of high-quality movements produced by the renowned Vostok watch factory.

Origins and History

The history of CARDI Vostok begins in 1991, shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The name “Cardi” is derived from the abbreviation of “Car Design Studio,” a Russian company specializing in automobile customization. In an attempt to diversify its activities, Cardi began collaborating with the Vostok watch factory to produce watches with a more “Western” aesthetic (WatchUSeek Watch Forums) (WatchUSeek Watch Forums).

The early models of CARDI Vostok were known for their innovative design and the use of materials such as brass and cheap alloys, mainly produced by the Minsk Watch Factory. These watches were considered high quality, but over time the quality of the materials declined, leading the brand to lose popularity and cease production around 2009 (Sovietaly).

Design and Movements

CARDI Vostok models combine Cardi’s creative design with Vostok’s robust mechanical movements. The designs were often inspired by the automotive world, with names like “Capitan,” “MVM Sport,” “GP,” “Racing Time,” and “Radar” (WatchUSeek Watch Forums).

The watches used high-quality mechanical movements, such as the 2409 caliber produced by the Vostok factory. Some later models used movements from the 1st Moscow Watch Factory (Poljot) and the Slava factory, in addition to the original Vostok movements. However, after being acquired by Interex-Orion in 2000, the brand began using Chinese movements to reduce costs, further impacting the overall quality of the watches (WatchCrunch) (WatchUSeek Watch Forums).

Decline and End of Production

Despite initial success, various factors led to the brand’s decline. The quality of the materials used decreased over time, and the introduction of Chinese movements compromised the brand’s reputation for quality. These changes led to a drop in sales and, ultimately, the cessation of production around 2009. Today, Cardi has withdrawn from the watch market and refocused on automotive design (Sovietaly) (WatchUSeek Watch Forums).

Conclusion

CARDI Vostok watches represent an interesting chapter in the history of Russian watchmaking, characterized by a mix of Western design and Russian mechanics. Although production has ceased, these watches remain collectible items for vintage watch enthusiasts and symbolize a period of transition and innovation.

For more information, you can consult the sources used in this article: WatchCrunch, WatchUSeek, Sovietaly, and SovietWatchStore.

History of the ‘Slava’ Watch Factory in Moscow: A Journey Through Time

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Orologio da polso vintage sovietico con la fabbrica di orologi Slava di Mosca sullo sfondo.

Original title of the book: История часового завода Слава – В.Г. Богданов, 2002

Chapter 1: On the Measurement of Time in Russia

Description: The first chapter explores the origins of timekeeping in Russia, tracing back to the first tower clocks installed in Russian cities. It describes how these clocks were initially created by local craftsmen and gradually began to be imported from abroad. The narrative transitions from primitive timekeeping methods, such as sundials and water clocks, to the spread of mechanical clocks during the Middle Ages. It includes details about the first watch factories in Russia, established during the reign of Catherine II, and the challenges faced in maintaining stable and high-quality production.

Details:

The first tower clock in Russia was installed in 1404 by a monk named Lazar Serbin.
The Moscow watch factory, established in 1769, produced clocks often used as awards and official gifts.
In the 16th century, mechanical clocks began to spread in churches and cathedrals, becoming symbols of prestige and advanced technology.
The accuracy of clocks improved significantly due to advancements in astronomy and mechanics.

Chapter 2: The Need for a National Watch Industry

Description: This chapter highlights the crisis in the Russian watch industry during the World Wars and the revolution. With the interruption of imports and the closure of existing factories, the need to establish a national industry emerged. Efforts to reorganise existing resources and create new production facilities are described, along with attempts to import technology from abroad.

Details:

In 1920, the Soviet Union created an agency dedicated to managing watch production, called the “Watch Agency”.
During the 1920s and 1930s, the factory purchased machinery from the United States to initiate domestic watch production.
Efforts to train skilled personnel were intensified, with the establishment of technical schools and training programmes.

Chapter 3: The History of the Second Moscow Watch Factory – 75 Years on the Market

Description: This chapter details the history of the Second Moscow Watch Factory (2MChZ) from its founding in 1924 to modern times. It describes the evolution of production technologies, the materials used, and the various challenges faced by workers during times of war and peace. The factory is depicted as a symbol of Soviet industrial innovation.

Details:

The factory was initially founded as part of the Technical Military Department of the RKKA.
In 1930, the factory began producing alarm clocks with components imported from Germany.
The factory was a major supplier of watches for the Soviet army during World War II.
In the 1950s and 1960s, the factory expanded and modernised, introducing new models and technologies.

Chapter 4: The Early Successes

Description: Describes the early years of the factory, focusing on efforts to increase production and improve the quality of watches. It details the technical and logistical difficulties faced, such as material shortages and the need to train new workers. The chapter includes testimonies from workers and managers who contributed to the company’s initial success.

Details:

In 1930, the factory produced 144,000 alarm clocks and 628,000 wall clocks despite numerous initial difficulties.
Factory managers implemented innovative production systems to increase efficiency.
Staff training was a priority, with intensive on-the-job learning programmes.
Production techniques relied on imported machinery and optimised processes for maximum efficiency.

Chapter 5: All for the Front, All for Victory

Description: During World War II, the factory’s production shifted towards military utility goods. The chapter describes the reorganisation of production and the factory’s significant contribution to Soviet war efforts. It highlights how the factory had to quickly adapt to new requirements, producing instruments and equipment for the army.

Details:

The factory produced magnets for explosives and devices for parachute deployment.
Despite wartime difficulties, the factory maintained constant high-quality production.
Many factory workers were awarded for their contributions to the war effort.
Watch production decreased, but technological innovation continued, preparing the ground for post-war recovery.

Chapter 6: Return to Civil Production

Description: The chapter describes the post-war period, during which the factory gradually returned to producing watches for civilian use. It includes details on the modernisation of facilities and the introduction of new technologies. It explores how the factory reinvented itself to meet new market demands.

Details:

In the 1950s, the factory introduced the first Soviet chronometer, marking a significant advancement in precision and reliability.
Production diversified to include wristwatches, wall clocks, and pocket watches.
The factory became a symbol of economic revival and technological innovation.
New production processes were implemented to improve quality and reduce costs.

Chapter 7: The Period of Decline

Description: Examines the years of economic difficulties and declining production faced by the factory during the late Soviet period and early post-Soviet years. Despite challenges, the factory continued to produce watches, maintaining a significant market share. Attempts at restructuring and modernisation to cope with new economic realities are discussed.

Details:

In the late 1990s, the factory received congratulations from the President of Russia and the Mayor of Moscow for its 75th anniversary.
It describes how the factory tried to adapt to global market changes.
Efforts to maintain product quality and reliability were constant despite financial difficulties.
Attempts to diversify production and develop new markets are explored.

Chapter 8: Conclusion and Appendices

Description: The conclusion summarises the achievements and challenges of the “Slava” watch factory. It includes a reflection on the historical importance of the factory and the future of the watch industry in Russia. The appendices offer additional technical details, production statistics, and a bibliography. Individual successes of workers and technological innovations introduced are also mentioned.

Details:

An appendix section is dedicated to the individual successes of factory workers, many of whom received state awards for their contributions.
Detailed production statistics and various models of watches produced are provided.
The factory is presented as an example of resilience and innovation in the Russian industrial landscape.
The appendices also include historical documents and photographs illustrating the factory’s evolution.

A Zim Watch That Tells a Glorious Story

Sovietaly™ Orologi Russi 31 December 202024 June 2024commemorative watches, Great Patriotic War, Kuibyshev, monument of glory, monumento alla gloria, orologeria russa, Pobeda 2602, Russian watchmaking, samara, Slavy Square, Soviet watch collection, watch history, Zim watch 0 Comment

russian watch Zim 400 years Kuibyshev monument of Glory

One of the most fascinating aspects of collecting watches is discovering what they commemorate or represent. This passion led me in November 2020 to discover a Soviet Zim watch with a champagne-colored dial and a monument depicted on it, which was unknown to me at the time.

The Zim Watch

This Soviet Zim is well-preserved, with a champagne-colored dial that is rich in detail but aesthetically very pleasing. The main elements are well distinguished, and the dial depicts the Monument of Glory in Kuibyshev, now known as Samara. The dial also bears the inscription “Kuybyshev,” the name Samara had from 1935 to 1991 in honor of the Bolshevik leader Valerian Kuybyshev.

Details of the Watch

The hands, including the small second hand, appear to be original. The dial is in excellent condition, although the watch seems to have been used. The plexiglass may have been replaced. On the dial, between three and nine o’clock, are the waves of the Volga River, adding a touch of elegance and geographical context to the watch.

The Back of the Watch

The case shows signs of wear that have removed the plating, revealing the brass underneath. The stainless steel case back is fixed with a screw-down ring, also in steel. The back bears a serial number: 524715. Although the serial numbers of Soviet watches do not have a particular significance, they are useful for identification through the watch passports.

The Movement of the Watch

The heart of the watch is a simple yet effective Pobeda 2602 caliber without antishock.

Characteristics of the Pobeda 2602 caliber

The Monument of Glory in Kuybyshev

History and Construction of the Monument

Located in the city of Samara, the Monument of Glory is dedicated to the workers of the aviation industry who contributed significantly during the Great Patriotic War. Built between 1968 and 1971, the monument was created by sculptor Pavel Bondarenko, artist Oleg Kiryuhin, and architect A. Samsonov. The structure, over thirty meters high, is made of a stainless steel alloy. The inauguration took place on November 5, 1971.

More information on the history of the monument

Historical Images of the Monument

A selection of historical images allows you to appreciate the monument in various periods, probably starting from its construction in 1971.

The Monument of Glory Today

The monument is located in Slavy Square, with the Volga River in the background. This detail is also depicted on the watch’s dial. The monument, made of an aeronautical alloy, features vertical lines at the base and shiny steel representing rays of light directed towards the sky. The statue on top, 13 meters high, depicts a figure with wings spread.

Video of the Monument

Various videos online show the grandeur of the Monument of Glory and the adjoining square. Here is one of the best from 2019:

The City of Samara

The watch dial shows the founding date of the city of Samara, 1586. Interestingly, one of the earliest representations of the city is on a 14th-century Italian map when Samara was considered a pirate haven.

The two dates on the dial refer to the city’s 400th anniversary (1586-1986).

History of Samara

This watch perfectly represents why I love collecting Russian and Soviet watches: each piece is a journey through time and space, allowing me to visit historical moments and fascinating places just by looking at the dial.

Discovering the Charm of Soviet and Russian Watch Collections

Sovietaly™ Orologi Russi 16 April 201821 June 202424h, aeroflot, Amphibia, astronaut, Boctok, buran, cccp, collectible watches, collezionismo orologi, horology, Italian market watches, komandirskie, Mosca, orologeria russa, orologi da collezione, orologi russi, orologi vintage, orologio, orologio sovietico, pobeda, polar aviation, poljot, raketa, Russian watches, Russian watchmaking, russo, Soviet watch collection, Soviet watch history, Soviet watches, Soviet watchmaking, sovietaly, spazio, ussr, Valentina Tereškova, vintage watches, vostok, Vostok Amphibia, watch collecting, watch collection, watch history, Yuri Gagarin, zim 0 Comment

It may seem unusual, but sometimes a collection of Soviet/Russian watches can capture the attention and appreciation of even those who are not experts in the field. This intriguing niche of collecting has recently been highlighted in an interview published by the magazine “Collezionare,” available in both print and digital formats (www.collezionare.com).

The Magazine “Collezionare”

The magazine “Collezionare” is a specialized publication focused on the world of collecting, offering in-depth articles, news, and interviews on a wide range of collectible items. From vintage to antiques and modern collectibles, the magazine serves as an authoritative and up-to-date resource for enthusiasts. Available in both print and online versions, “Collezionare” stands out for the quality of its content and the passion with which it tells the stories of collectors and their unique collections.

Two years ago, I contacted several journals related to collecting to promote my father’s Pirelli advertisement collection, including “Collezionare”. The interview with my father can be found at this link. Given the existing contact, a couple of months ago I reached out again to the journalist who conducted the interview, suggesting she might also be interested in my collection of Soviet/Russian watches. A few days later, she contacted me to schedule a phone interview.

On April 14, 2018, the online version of the interview was published and can be read at this link.

Soviet Watches

In the interview, Andrea Manini, a 44-year-old from Milan who has been collecting since 1992, shares insights into his collection of over 400 Russian watches. “What I really enjoy is that, unlike Swiss watches, Russian ones always have a story to tell.”

The Stories Behind Soviet Watches

Many stories surround Soviet watchmaking, particularly those involving Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space. The watch he wore during the 1961 mission is still a mystery. Some claim it was a Poljot Sturmanskie, produced by the First Moscow Watch Factory, often referred to as the Russian equivalent of the Speedmaster used by Armstrong and Aldrin on the moon. Others believe it was the Type One by Sturmanskie, citing a photo where Gagarin wears this model over his red suit. “But who can say for sure? Maybe it was just a training shot,” says Andrea, emphasizing the mystery that often surrounds these famous timepieces.

The Influence of History on Soviet Watchmaking

The end of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s marked the beginning of a new era for Russian watchmaking in Italy. Andrea, like many other enthusiasts, started his collection in 1992, the year after the USSR’s dissolution. “1992 is my year zero, the year I began to appreciate these beautiful watches. That year, the first after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, all the unique goods from the former USSR became very sought after, including Russian watches, which started appearing in our jewelry stores. Over the years, I have expanded my collection to about 400 pieces.”

Early Discoveries

Andrea’s first purchase was a Vostok Komandirskie wristwatch. “The military look and the rocket on the dial attracted me, and only later did I discover that it was a Vostok Komandirskie model, with the Vostok 1 rocket that Gagarin used to orbit the Earth in 1961.”

Collection Categories

Russian watches are categorized in various ways. Andrea focuses on Russian space adventures and Soviet watches made for the Italian market. Other themes include Soviet polar explorations and Russian railways, particularly the BAM line.

The History of Russian Watchmaking

Russian watchmaking has a complex history intertwined with the country’s social, political, and military developments. During the Tsarist era, watches were mainly produced by artisanal workshops. With the advent of the Soviet Union, watch production became essential for both civilians and the military. Initially, pocket watches were produced, but gradually, wristwatches became the focus.

Watch Factories

Numerous companies arose in the Soviet Union, named after war or space adventures. “The First Moscow Watch Factory, later named Poljot (which means flight), Raketa (rocket), Pobeda (victory, dedicated to WWII), and Chaika (seagull, which was Valentina Tereshkova’s code name during her space flight).”

Export and Marketing

In the 1960s and 70s, Soviet watches were exported at low prices to promote sales. This was a state-imposed strategy. In Italy, Russian watchmaking has often been underrated due to its proximity to Switzerland. However, the Russians understood the importance of marketing and created watches with logos for export or specific models for certain markets.

Rare Models

Among the rarest models in Andrea’s collection is a Raketa Big Zero with a nephrite dial, a green stone similar to jade. Finding rare models is challenging, especially online where many fakes and assembled pieces are sold.

Tips for Collectors

To avoid buying fakes, Andrea advises consulting more experienced and reliable collectors. “Today, there are many forums and groups where you can exchange opinions and advice.”

This collection of Soviet/Russian watches, with its rich history and intriguing models, continues to captivate not only enthusiasts but also newcomers to the world of collecting.